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Efeitos antiproliferativos da metformina e adenosina em glioblastoma

Authors: Teles, Francisca Isabel Canelas Oliva;

Efeitos antiproliferativos da metformina e adenosina em glioblastoma

Abstract

O Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) é um tumor cerebral, sendo o tipo de glioma mais comum, agressivo e com pior prognóstico. Até à data, as terapêuticas existentes apenas atuam de forma paliativa, sendo o tempo médio de sobrevivência dos pacientes apenas de 12 a 16 meses. A Metformina (Met) é um fármaco utilizado em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2, que tem vindo a demonstrar propriedades antitumorais em diversos casos, entre eles no GBM. A Adenosina (Ado) é um ribonucleósido endógeno classificado como neuromodulador, com capacidade de regular a neurotransmissão, de proteger contra danos neurotóxicos e tem ainda capacidade de modular a plasticidade sináptica. Em situação de hipoxia, a Ado atinge concentrações elevadas, podendo produzir as suas ações por ativação de recetores ou por mecanismos epigenéticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antiproliferativa da Met em GBM, quer de forma isolada, quer quando os níveis de Ado foram aumentados por aplicação de Ado exógena ou por inibição da sua metabolização, através do uso de um inibidor da cinase da adenosina (ADK), ABT-702. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a aplicação de Met diminui a proliferação celular em linhas celulares de GBM e em astrócitos humanos (AH) normais, tendo este efeito sido atenuado na presença de um inibidor da AMPK, o composto C. Por outro lado, o aumento dos níveis intracelulares de Ado resultante da ação do inibidor da ADK, ABT702, provocou uma diminuição da proliferação celular em GBM e em AH, tendo-se também observado que a aplicação simultânea de ABT-702 e Met produziu um efeito cumulativo antiproliferativo. Tais observações sugerem que o efeito antiproliferativo da Met envolve, pelo menos em parte, a ativação da AMPK e que a aplicação conjugada da Met e de um inibidor da ADK possam produzir um feito antitumoral cumulativo em GBM. No entanto, será necessário desenvolver e aprofundar estes estudos de forma a se conseguir entender melhor os mecanismos celulares que possam influenciar a via glicolítica no GBM e os seus efeitos ao nível da reversão do Efeito de Warburg.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor, being the most common, aggressive type of glioma, and with the worst prognosis. To date, existing therapies only work palliatively, with the average survival time of patients being only 12 to 16 months. Metformin (Met) is a drug used in patients with type 2 diabetes, which has been showing antitumor properties in several cases, including in GBM. Adenosine (Ado) is an endogenous ribonucleoside classified as a neuromodulator, with the ability to regulate neurotransmission, protect against neurotoxic damage and also has the ability to modulate synaptic plasticity. In situations of hypoxia, Ado reaches high concentrations and can produce its actions by activating receptors or by epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiproliferative capacity of Met in GBM, either alone, or when Ado levels were increased by application of exogenous Ado or by inhibition of its metabolization, through the use of an adenosine kinase inhibitor (ADK), ABT-702. The results obtained demonstrated that the application of Met decreases cell proliferation in GBM cell lines and in normal human astrocytes, this effect being attenuated in the presence of an AMPK inhibitor, compound C. On the other hand, the increase of the intracellular levels of Ado resulting from the action of the ADK inhibitor, ABT-702, caused a decrease in cell proliferation in GBM and human astrocytes, and it was also observed that the simultaneous application of ABT-702 and Met produced a cumulative antiproliferative effect. These observations suggest that the antiproliferative effect of Met envolves, at least in part, the activation of AMPK and that the conjugate application of Met and an ADK inhibitor can produce a cumulative antitumor effect in GBM. However, it will be necessary to develop and deepen these studies in order to better understand the cellular mechanisms that may influence the glycolytic pathway in GBM and its effects on the reversal of the Warburg Effect.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Viabilidade Celular, Composto C, Adenosina, Abt-702, Glioblastoma, Metformina, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Bioquímica

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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