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Cardiopatias Congénitas

Comunicação Interauricular e Interventricular
Authors: Barros, Irma Correia de;

Cardiopatias Congénitas

Abstract

Cardiopatia congénita é uma anomalia na estrutura e na função cardiocirculatória, presente desde o nascimento, e da qual resultam alterações no desenvolvimento embriológico. Para seu melhor estudo e compreensão, são classificadas em dois grandes grupos acianogenicas e cianogénicas e dentro das acianogenicas encontramos: a comunicação interauricular e interventricular. A comunicação interauricular é caracterizada pela existência de uma abertura ou orifício que permite a passagem de sangue entre as aurículas, podendo ocorrer em um ou mais locais do septo. A comunicação interventricular é caracterizada por um ou mais orifícios, de tamanho e forma variáveis no septo interventricular, permitindo a passagem de sangue da camara ventricular com maior pressão para a de menor pressão, normalmente da esquerda para a direita. Parte destes defeitos encerram na infância e alguns casos que não encerram continuam evoluindo e clinicamente podem ser assintomáticos, desencadeando complicações graves na idade adulta. O método diagnóstico mais fiável é a ecocardiografia. A cirurgia continua a ser o tratamento de eleição por abranger vários subtipos destes defeitos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica das cardiopatias congénitas: comunicação interauricular e interventricular, de forma a dotar os estudantes de medicina de conhecimentos embriológicos e relaciona-los com a prática clinica. Materiais e Métodos: Para realização deste trabalho foi realizada pesquisa em livros e artigos de referência com palavra chave associadas ao tema, o principal motor de busca utilizado foi a pubmed, utilizou-se também outros motores de busca como: Scielo, Scopus e google academic. Conclusão: A comunicação interauricular e interventricular representam grande parte dos defeitos cardíacos. Apesar do grande avanço no diagnóstico e tratamento destes defeitos e alguma explicação do desenvolvimento embriológico o conhecimento da etiologia ainda continua limitado, sendo necessário a realização de mais estudos para uma melhor compreensão dos processos embriológicos da septação cardíaca, conhecendo os genes envolvidos e o seu mecanismo, para posteriormente resultar num melhor esclarecimento da fisiopatologia, deteção precoce dos defeitos e criação de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Em suma, esta revisão sucinta permitirá aos estudantes de medicina do segundo ano da universidade José Eduardo dos Santos, terem um suporte bibliográfico sobre a importância da relação embriológica cardíaca e o desenvolvimento da comunicação interauricular e ventricular.

Congenital heart disease is an anomaly in structure and cardiocirculatory function, present since birth, and resulting in changes in embryological development. For their better study and understanding, they are classified into two large groups acianogenicas and cyanogenic and within the acianogenicas we find: interauricular and interventricular communication. Interauricular communication is characterized by the existence of an opening or hole that allows blood to pass between the atria and may occur in one or more sites of the septum. Interventricular communication is characterized by one or more orifices, of varying size and shape in the interventricular septum, allowing the passage of blood from the ventricular chamber with greater pressure to that of lower pressure, usually from left to right. Some of these defects end in childhood and some cases that do not remain continue to evolve and clinically may be asymptomatic, triggering serious complications in adulthood. The most reliable diagnostic method is echocardiography. Surgery remains the treatment of choice because it encompasses several subtypes of these defects. This work aims to make a bibliographic review of congenital heart diseases: interauricular and interventricular communication, in order to provide medical students with embryological knowledge and relate them to clinical practice. Materials and Methods: To perform this work was carried out research in books and reference articles with key words associated with the theme, the main search engine used was pubmed, it was also used other search engines like: Scielo, Scopus and google academic . Conclusion: Atrial and ventricular septal defects represent a large part of cardiac defects. Despite the great advance in the diagnosis and treatment of these defects and some explanation of the embryonic development, the knowledge of the etiology still remains limited, being necessary to carry out further studies to a better understanding of the embryological processes of the cardiac septation, knowing the genes involved and its mechanism, to later result in better clarification of pathophysiology, early detection of defects and creation of new therapeutic strategies. In short, this succinct review will allow second-year medical students at the José Eduardo dos Santos University to have bibliographic support on the importance of the cardiac embryological relationship and the development of atrial and ventricular communication.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Embriologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências Biomédicas, Comunicação Interauricular, Comunicação Interventricular, Cardiopatia Congénita

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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