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Doctoral thesis . 2015
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Estudo da microbiota láctica em leites fermentados artesanalmente consumidos no sul de Angola

Authors: Embaló, Deolinda Paulino Camarada;

Estudo da microbiota láctica em leites fermentados artesanalmente consumidos no sul de Angola

Abstract

O omavele é um leite fermentado artesanalmente produzido pelas populações pastoris do sul e sudoeste de Angola. Os leites fermentados artesanalmente constituem uma parte importante da dieta das populações africanas e, para além de fornecerem nutrientes, têm a vantagem de se conservarem por longos períodos de tempo devido ao baixo pH e à presença de compostos que inibem o desenvolvimento tanto de microrganismos patogénicos como dos de decomposição. O processo de fabrico do omavele consiste em colocar o leite de vaca, imediatamente depois da ordenha, numa cabaça contendo ou não raízes ou cascas de plantas para acelerar a sua coagulação e a formação do “ngundi”. A fermentação decorre em cerca de 9 horas à temperatura ambiente. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi caracterizar a microbiota láctica presente no omavele de produção artesanal, para se poderem produzir fermentos que serão utilizados na produção industrial do omavele. Analisou-se a composição química e a qualidade higio-sanitária do omavele tradicional. Nas 57 amostras de omavele colhidas em diferentes localidades da província da Huíla os teores médios microbianos foram: Lactobacilos (6,8 log10 ufc/mL), Lactococos (6,24 log10 ufc/mL), Leveduras (5,82 log10 ufc/mL), Enterococos (4,48 log10 ufc/mL), Micrococos (3,74 log10 ufc/mL), Enterobactérias (3,26 log10 ufc/mL) e Aeróbios totais a 30ºC (6,31 log10 ufc/mL). A identificação genética de 141 isolados, por técnicas de biologia molecular, revelou que as espécies mais identificadas foram Lb. plantarum/Lb. pentosus (31,20%), Lb. casei/Lb. paracasei (7,09%), Lb. plantarum (4,34%), Kazachstania unispora (9,92%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (8,51%) e Issatchenkia orientalis (8,51%). Foram selecionadas estirpes para se constituírem três fermentos (FO1, FO2 e FO3) que foram usados para a produção industrial de três leites fermentados (O1, O2 e O3), cuja avaliação microbiológica 30 dias pós-produção revelou teores de microrganismos viáveis ≥ 7 log10 ufc/mL, demonstrando uma boa capacidade de sobrevivência ao processamento industrial. Após avaliação sensorial o omavele O1 foi o eleito entre os 3 leites produzidos.

ABSTRACT - Study of lactic microbiota in fermented milk consumed in the south of Angola - The omavele is a fermented milk produced by artisan shepherd populations of the south and southwest Angola. The handmade fermented milks are an important part of the diet of African populations. In addition to providing nutrients they have the advantage of long shelf life due to the low pH and the presence of compounds that inhibit the growth of both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The manufacturing process of omavele involves placing the cow’s milk, immediately after milking, in a gourd containing or not roots or bark of a plant to accelerate the coagulation and the formation of “ngundi”. Fermentation takes place in about 9 hours at room temperature. The aim of our study was to characterize the lactic microbiota present in handmade omavele, to be able to produce yeasts that will be used in the industrial production of omavele. We analyzed the chemical composition and the hygienic quality of traditional handmade omavele. In 57 omavele samples collected in different localities of Huíla province the microbial average counts were: Lactobacillus (6,8 log10 cfu/mL), Lactococci (6,24 log10 cfu/mL), Yeast (5,82 log10 cfu/mL), Enterococci (4,48 log10 cfu/mL) Micrococci (3,74 log10 cfu/mL), Enterobacteriaceae (3,26 log10 cfu /mL) and Total Aerobes at 30 ° C (6,31 log10 cfu/mL). The genetic identification of 141 isolates by techniques of molecular biology has shown that most species were Lb. plantarum / Lb. pentosus (31,20%), Lb. casei / Lb. paracasei (7,09%), Lb. plantarum (4,34%), Kazachstania unispora (9,92%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (8,51%) and Issatchenkia orientalis (8,51%). Strains were selected to constitute three yeasts (FO1, FO2 and FO3) that were used for the industrial production of three fermented milks (O1, O2 and O3), whose microbiological evaluation 30 days after production revealed levels of viable microorganisms ≥ 7 log10 cfu/mL, demonstrating a good ability for industrial processing. After the sensory evaluation omavele O1 has been selected among the 3 milks produced.

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias. Especialidade Segurança Alimentar

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Industrial production, Sensory evaluation, PCR, Angola, Avaliação sensorial, Leite fermentado, Fermented milk, Produção industrial, Omavele

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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