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Master thesis . 2012
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O Estado Falhado enquanto Espaço de Edificação do Crime Organizado Transnacional – o Caso da Guiné-Bissau

Authors: Gonçalves, Sara João e Silva de Azevedo;

O Estado Falhado enquanto Espaço de Edificação do Crime Organizado Transnacional – o Caso da Guiné-Bissau

Abstract

A Nova Ordem Mundial é caracterizada pelo novo conceito de Segurança e de Defesa, pela Globalização e a Revolução Tecnológica, pelo aparecimento de novos actores internacionais não convencionais e pela emergência de novas ameaças transnacionais. Entre as quais se destacam, segundo a Estratégia Europeia de Segurança (EES): o Terrorismo, a Proliferação de ADM (Armas de Destruição em Massa), Conflitos Regionais, Estados Falhados e Crime Organizado. O Estado Falhado é uma ameaça transnacional que advém da proliferação de Estados que possuem estruturas estatais e económicas débeis, que não detêm o monopólio do uso da força, não sendo capazes de administrar as reformas necessárias e garantir a integridade territorial. Por seu turno, o Crime Organizado emergiu como uma das grandes ameaças à Segurança internacional provocando uma erosão dos órgãos de Soberania e de Segurança, mitigando o Estado de Direito e a ordem política interna e ameaçando o Bem-Estar social e de Direitos Humanos. Estas duas ameaças quando conjugadas protagonizam uma grande ameaça à Segurança e estabilidade internacionais, na medida em que estes Estados emergem como um espaço de edificação para as actividades do Crime Organizado como tráfico humano, de armas e drogas e crimes financeiros - onde existe um vazio de Poder legítimo garante de Segurança, integridade e independência, os grupos criminosos utilizam estes Estados como base de operação, logística, planeamento e depósito para as suas actividades ilícitas. Como caso de estudo será utilizado o exemplo da Guiné-Bissau, que parece apresenta causas e características de um Estado Falhado e, simultaneamente é um dos principais entrepostos na rota de narcotráfico entre a América Latina e a Europa. Uma solução viável para o combate destas duas ameaças transnacionais implica uma cooperação multilateral a dois níveis: o fortalecimento dos Estados fracos e o combate internacional ao Crime Organizado, através da Convenção das NU.

The New World Order is characterised by the new concept of Security and of Defense, Globalisation and the Technological Revolution, by the emergence of new international non-conventional actors and by new transnational threats. With special reference to, according to the European Security Strategy (ESS): Terrorism, Proliferation of WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction), Regional Conflicts, Failed States and Organised Crime. Failed States are a transnational threat that derives from the proliferation of States that have weak state and economic structures, has lost the monopoly on the use of force and isn’t able to administer the necessary political and economic reforms and to ensure the territorial integrity. In turn, Organised Crime has emerged as one of the greatest threats to international Security, causing the erosion of the Sovereignty organs and Security, mitigating the Rule of Law and the internal political order as well as threatening the Welfare state and Human Rights. These two threats when combined represent one of the greatest threats to international Security and stability, insofar as these States emerge as a building space for the activities of Organised Crime, as the trafficking of humans, arms and drugs and financial crimes - Where there’s a vacuum of legitimate power that ensures Security, integrity and independence, crime organisations use this States as a base for operations, logistics, planning and warehouse for their illicit activities. As a case-study it will be analysed the example of Guinea-Bissau which appears to presents causes and characteristics of a Failed States and, simultaneously, is one of main transshipment point in the drug trafficking routes between South America and Europe. A viable solution to combat these two transnational threats requires a multilateral cooperation at two levels: strengthening weak States and the international fight against Organised Crime, through the UN Convention

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estratégia

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Guiné-Bissau, Ameaças Transnacionais, Crime Organizado, Transnational Threats, Failed States, Narco-Estado, Guinea-Bissau, Organised Crime, Measures, Medidas, Narco-State, Estado Falhado

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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