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Master thesis . 2011
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Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão

Authors: Dias, Inês Freire Norberto;

Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão

Abstract

As infecções do tracto urinário complicadas estão associadas a alterações estruturais ou funcionais do tracto genitourinário ou à presença de doenças concomitantes que interfiram com os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro o que aumenta o risco de adquirir infecção ou falha terapêutica. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades bactericida e concentração - dependente da enrofloxacina quando utilizada no dobro da dose padrão, uma vez ao dia durante 7 dias no tratamento da ITUc no cão. Durante 4 meses, 14 cães com sinais de ITU inferior, factores que predispusessem a uma potencial ITUc e sem antibioterapia prévia foram incluídos neste estudo. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente (através de um inquérito) e a urina foi colhida para urianálise e urocultura aos dias 0, 3, 7 e 12. A urocultura e os testes de susceptibilidade a antibióticos foram realizados segundo os métodos padrão e interpretados segundo os critérios do CLSI. Dos 14 pacientes, 7 apresentaram bacteriúria significativa (BS) por Escherichia coli (n=3), Staphylococcus cohnii (n=1), Proteus mirabilis (n=1), Enterococcus faecalis (n=1), e um Staphylococcus aureus meticilina - resistente (MRSA) caracterizados por: >105 UFC/ml, piúria de 10 leucócitos/campo de 400X (n=6) e <5 leucócitos (n=1). Ao dia 0 todas as bactérias uropatogénicas isoladas foram susceptíveis à enrofloxacina à excepção do MRSA. Este paciente foi assim excluído do estudo. Além da BS, 6 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com enrofloxacina 10 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante 7 dias tinham uma anomalia estrutural ou funcional do tracto genitourinário (bexiga neurogénica, n=2; hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HBP) com cistite polipóide, n=1; HBP com abcessos prostáticos, n=1; litíase vesical, n=1; carcinoma das células de transição da bexiga (CCT) com pielonefrite, n=1) e um deles apresentava uma doença concomitante imunossupressora (linfoma multicêntrico). Assim, estes 7 pacientes apresentavam ITUc. O paciente com CCT e pielonefrite não seguiu o tratamento padrão e foi avaliado semanalmente durante 4 semanas apresentando cura bacteriológica na primeira semana de tratamento mas sempre com hematúria. Os restantes 5 pacientes obtiveram cura bacteriológica ao dia 3. Cinco dias após tratamento, dois cães apresentaram uroculturas positivas: uma recidiva, o paciente com linfoma multicêntrico e uma superinfeção e recidiva, o paciente com bacteriúria assintomática e abcessos prostáticos. Três dos cães com ITUc foram tratados com sucesso sem recorrência (3 semanas depois). O tratamento aplicado 10 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante 7 dias foi eficaz nos casos de ITUc em que as anomalias estruturais e funcionais foram resolvidas. Este estudo mostra que um acompanhamento detalhado dos pacientes é essencial para a eficácia e curta duração dos tratamentos da ITUc.

ABSTRACT - LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF ENROFLOXACIN EFFICACY ON THE TREATMENT OF CANINE COMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS - Complicated UTIs (cUTIs) are associated with a structural or functional abnormality of the genitourinary tract, or the presence of an underlying disease that interferes with host defense mechanisms and have an increase risk of failure therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration - dependent bactericidal properties of enrofloxacin when used at double standard dosage, once daily, during 7 days in the treatment of canine cUTIs. During 4 months, fourteen dogs with lower UTI clinical signs, as well as factors suggesting a potential cUTI, and absence of previous antimicrobial chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated clinically (with a directed owner inquiry) and samples were collected for urinalysis and urine culture at days 0, 3, 7 and 12. Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by standard methods and CLSI susceptibility criteria were applied. Out of the 14 patients, 7 presented significant bacteriuria (SB) by Escherichia coli (n=3), Staphylococcus cohnii (n=1), Proteus mirabilis (n=1), Enterococcus faecalis (n=1), and one methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) characterized by: >105 CFU/ml, pyuria of 10 WBC/400X high magnification field (n=6) and <5 WBC (n=1). At day 0, all isolated uropathogenic bacteria were susceptible to enrofloxacin except for the MRSA isolate. This patient was excluded from the study. Besides SB, 6 patients had a structural or functional abnormality of the genitourinary tract (neurogenic bladder, n=2; benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with polypoid cystitis, n=1; BPH with prostatic abscesses, n=1; cystourolithiasis, n=1; cell transitional carcinoma (CTC) with pyelonephritis, n=1) and one had an underlying disease that interfered with host´s defense mechanisms (multicentric lymphoma). Thus, 6 patients had cUTIs and were selected for the 7 days longitudinal enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg daily treatment. The CTC with pyelonephritis patient did not follow the standard treatment, and was weekly evaluated during 4 weeks and considered bacteriological cured at week 1 but always haematuric. The remaining 5 patients were all bacteriological cured at day 3. Five days post-treatment, two dogs had positive urine cultures: one relapse, the lymphoma patient and one re-infection and superinfection, asymptomatic bacteriuria - prostatic abscesses. Three dogs with cUTIs were successfully treated without recurrence (3 week follow

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Urinary tract infection, Enrofloxacin, Cão, Efficacy, Dog, Enrofloxacina, Complicada, Eficácia, Infecção do tracto urinário, Complicated

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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