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Derrames pleurais e abdominais e a sua classificação : estudo de 25 casos

Authors: Gonçalves, Jessica de Souza;

Derrames pleurais e abdominais e a sua classificação : estudo de 25 casos

Abstract

ABSTRACT - Pleural and abdominal effusions and its classification: A study of 25 cases - Cavity effusions consist of abnormal accumulations of fluid of varied nature or gas/air inside body cavities, for example, pleural, abdominal, pericardial and joints. In this work, only pleural and peritoneal effusions will be approached, since these were the two most frequent presentations registered in the clinics. The diagnosis of the underlying etiology was based on information collected from the anamnesis, physical examination and complementary exams such as complete blood count, biochemistry, imaging techniques and analysis of the effusion’s, usually collected by toraco or abdominocentesis. Both biochemical and cytological analysis of these fluids enables its classification into transudate, modified transudate or exudates, and represent one of the most important components for a diagnosis, since it allows the identification of the pathological process responsible for liquid accumulation, and can indicate the need to perform more investigation proceedings. The objective of this study case was to characterize a sample of 25 animals diagnosed with pleural or abdominal effusion, by species, effusion’s location, clinical signs, means of diagnosis applied, effusion classification and underlying etiology. After analyzing the collected data, with exception of hemorrhagic and gaseous effusions, it was possible to confirm the capital importance of the effusion’s classification based on biochemical and cytological analysis once it led to a diagnosis, mainly in cases of neoplastic effusion, or oriented the need to perform auxiliary tests. In dogs, the main cause observed for pleural and peritoneal effusion was of neoplastic nature. The same was in cats concerning pleural effusions, principally mediastinal lymphoma, while the majority of peritoneal effusions where linked to a diagnosis of infectious peritonitis. Concerning gaseous effusions, one case of traumatic open pneumothorax and other of pneumoperitoneum elicited by intestinal rupture by a foreign body, were documented in dogs, and only one case in a cat was documented, of pneumoperitoneum caused by a rupture of the common bile duct and small intestine, with possible traumatic etiology.

Os derrames cavitários consistem em acumulações anormais de líquido de natureza variada ou gás/ar dentro das cavidades corporais, tais como as cavidades pleural, peritoneal, pericárdica, articular. Neste trabalho, vão ser apenas abordados os derrames cavitários pleural e peritoneal, uma vez que foram os registados com maior frequência durante o estágio curricular. O diagnóstico etiológico é baseado nas informações obtidas na anamnese, no exame físico e nos exames complementares, tais como hemograma, bioquímicas, imagiologia e análise do líquido do derrame, normalmente colhido por toraco ou abdominocentese. As análises bioquímica e citológica permitem classificar os derrames em transudado, transudado modificado ou exsudado e representam um dos componentes mais importantes de diagnóstico, uma vez que auxiliam na identificação da fisiopatologia responsável pela acumulação do líquido e podem indicar a necessidade de realização de novos exames complementares. O estudo de caso teve como objectivo a caracterização de uma amostra de 25 casos de animais diagnosticados com derrames pleural ou peritoneal de acordo com a espécie, a localização do derrame, os sinais clínicos observados, os meios de diagnóstico utilizados, a classificação do derrame e a etiologia subjacente. Após análise dos dados recolhidos, à excepção dos derrames hemorrágicos e gasosos, foi possível confirmar a importância da classificação do derrame com base nas análises bioquímica e citológica, uma vez que permitiu chegar a um diagnóstico, principalmente nos casos de derrames neoplásicos, ou orientar a realização de outros exames complementares. Nos canídeos, a principal causa de derrame pleural e peritoneal observada foi a neoplásica. Nos felídeos, o mesmo se verifica nos derrames pleurais, com destaque para o linfoma mediastínico, enquanto na maioria dos derrames peritoneais o diagnóstico foi de PIF. Relativamente aos casos de derrames gasosos, registou-se um caso de pneumotórax traumático aberto e um caso de pneumoperitoneu por ruptura intestinal por corpo estranho, ambos em cães, e apenas um caso de pneumoperitoneu em gato por ruptura do ducto colédoco e intestino delgado com forte suspeita de etiologia traumática.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Transudado, Peritoneal effusion, Derrames gasosos, Transudado modificado, Derrame peritoneal, Derrame pleural, Exsudado, Modified transudate and exudates, Gaseous effusion, Pleural effusion, Transudate

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green