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Master thesis . 2024
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UTL Repository
Master thesis . 2024
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A placenta equina : genes reguladores da matriz extracelular e da vascularização

Authors: Santos, Maria Inês Lino Monteiro dos;

A placenta equina : genes reguladores da matriz extracelular e da vascularização

Abstract

A placenta desempenha um papel preponderante no desenvolvimento e crescimento fetal, apresentando elevada capacidade de adaptação às necessidades fetais. Os mecanismos de adaptação englobam alterações estruturais da barreira placentária com o objetivo de aumentar a eficiência das trocas feto-maternas. Em éguas, o aumento da idade materna e paridade está associado a uma maior deposição de colagénio na matriz extracelular placentária e maior vascularização, o que se reflete no aumento de peso da placenta e do feto. Desta forma, para compreender os mecanismos moleculares que suportam estas alterações estruturais, o objetivo da presente dissertação foi estudar a expressão de enzimas reguladoras da quantidade de colagénio, tais como as metaloproteinases de matriz MMP-2 e MMP-9 e respetivos inibidores TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, assim como dos fatores angiogénicos VEGF A, VEGFR-1 e VEGFR-2. Para tal, utilizaram-se membranas fetais recolhidas após expulsão de éguas primíparas e multíparas com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 17 anos (n=17). Pretendeu-se, identificar a diferença de regulação entre cornos placentários (grávido e não grávido) e a sua relação com a idade materna e a paridade. Deste modo, foi utilizada a técnica de RT-qPCR para quantificação da transcrição dos genes que codificam estas proteínas. A técnica de imunohistoquímica permitiu comprovar a expressão proteica no tecido e identificar as células responsáveis pela sua produção. No presente estudo, não se observou qualquer relação entre a transcrição dos genes MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 com a idade materna e a paridade. No entanto, os resultados sugerem uma maior transcrição de MMP2 (P=0,002), TIMP1 (P=0,022) e TIMP2 (P < 0,001) no corno grávido comparativamente ao não-grávido. A transcrição de MMP2 foi superior à de MMP9 (P < 0,001) e está correlacionada positivamente com a TIMP2, sugerindo que o equilíbrio MMP-2/TIMP-2 tem relevância biológica na remodelação da matriz extracelular placentária. As proteínas MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 e VEGF-Aforam localizadas no citoplasma das células do trofoblasto, enquanto a TIMP-2 foi observada no estroma da membrana alantocoriónica. Ainda existe um longo caminho a percorrer para decifrar o papel destas enzimas proteolíticas na membrana alantocoriónica equina. No entanto, a sua expressão diferenciada nas estruturas placentárias, nesta fase da gestação, sugere uma relação com a remodelação da barreira placentária e com a expulsão das membranas fetais

ABSTRACT - The equine placenta: extracellular matrix and vascularization regulatory genes - The placenta plays a key role in fetal development and growth and is highly adaptable to fetal needs. Adaptation mechanisms include structural changes to the placental barrier with the aim of increasing the efficiency of fetomaternal exchanges. In mares, increasing maternal age and parity is associated with greater collagen deposition in the placental extracellular matrix and greater vascularization, which is reflected in increased placental and fetal weight. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms that support these structural changes, the aim of this dissertation was to study the expression of enzymes that regulate the amount of collagen, such as the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, as well as the angiogenic factors VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. For this purpose, fetal membranes collected after expulsion from primiparous and multiparous mares aged between 5 and 17 years (n=17) were used. The aim was to identify the difference in regulation between placental horns (pregnant and non-pregnant) and its relationship with maternal age and parity. The RT-qPCR technique was used to quantify the transcription of the genes that encode these proteins. The immunohistochemical technique was used to verify protein expression in the tissue and identify the cells responsible for their production. In this study, no relationship was observed between the transcription of the MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 genes and maternal age and parity. However, the results suggest greater transcription of MMP2 (P=0.002), TIMP1 (P=0.022) and TIMP2 (P < 0.001) in the pregnant horn compared to the non-pregnant horn. MMP2 transcription was higher than that of MMP9 (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with TIMP2, suggesting that the MMP-2/TIMP-2 balance has biological relevance in placental extracellular matrix remodeling. The proteins MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and VEGF-A were localized in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells, while TIMP 2 was present in the stroma of the chorioallantoic membrane. There is still a long way to go to decipher the role of these proteolytic enzymes in the equine chorioallantoic membrane. However, their differentiated expression in placental structures at this stage of pregnancy suggests a relationship with the remodeling of the placental barrier and the expulsion of fetal membranes

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Morfologia e Função

N/A

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Placenta, Colagénio, Mare, Vascularization, Matriz extracelular, Collagen, Vascularização, Égua, Extracellular Matrix

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green