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Master thesis . 2024
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Master thesis . 2024
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Pilot study on the electroejaculation on the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) species

Authors: Fernandes, Sara Isabel Henriques;

Pilot study on the electroejaculation on the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) species

Abstract

RESUMO - Estudo piloto de eletroejaculação na espécie Lebre-ibérica (Lepus granatensis) - A lebre-ibérica (Lepus granatensis) é uma espécie de leporídeo endémica da Península Ibérica e constitui uma das presas mais comuns na cadeia alimentar de vários predadores. Apesar disso, o seu declínio tem ocorrido em vastas áreas de Portugal e Espanha. Em 2023, a lebre-ibérica foi incluída no Livro Vermelho dos Mamíferos de Portugal, com o estatuto de conservação “vulnerável”. Existem vários fatores, naturais e antropogénicos, que influenciam a sua dinâmica populacional e contribuem para a sua extinção, como a elevada pressão cinegética, a predação, a fragmentação do habitat, a suscetibilidade a doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, o uso de rodenticidas e atropelamentos. A informação disponível acerca da biologia reprodutiva da lebre-ibérica e da utilização de técnicas de reprodução assistida nesta espécie é escassa. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento e otimização de um método de colheita de sémen nesta espécie. Para tal, foi desenhada e construída uma sonda de eletroejaculação espécie específica e foram realizados 14 ensaios de eletroejaculação em 8 machos de lebre-ibérica, com idade superior a seis meses, sob o efeito de anestesia geral. Posteriormente, as amostras de sémen obtidas foram diluídas com GALAP, um diluidor de sémen comercial desenvolvido para preservação de sémen fresco de coelho, e avaliadas macro e microscopicamente. As amostras foram ainda refrigeradas a 5ºC ou 16ºC e a motilidade dos espermatozóides foi reavaliada até 30h após a colheita. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a combinação dos fármacos quetamina e xilazina promove anestesia cinco vezes mais rápido que a quetamina e acepromazina, e induz a micção, evitando a contaminação dos ejaculados com urina. Num total de 14 ensaios de eletroejaculação, foram obtidos 7 ejaculados, o que indica uma taxa de sucesso na colheita de 50%. No entanto, 71,4% dos ensaios não resultaram em ejaculação ou resultaram na colheita de amostras contaminadas com urina. Neste estudo, o volume de sémen de lebre-ibérica variou entre 0,2 e 0,7 mL. Embora nunca tenha sido relatada para esta espécie, a motilidade massal foi uma das propriedades observadas, sendo um bom indicador de taxas de fertilidade elevadas. A vitalidade média dos SPZ foi de 87,4%, a concentração média de SPZ foi de 756,89 ´ 106 SPZ/mL, a morfologia normal variou entre 89,1% e 100% e a motilidade normal entre 80% e 92,5%. Após refrigeração, foram obtidos melhores valores de motilidade nas amostras armazenadas a 16º C. Trinta horas após a colheita, a motilidade normal média foi de 10,73%, o que sugere que o diluidor GALAP pode não ser a melhor opção para a conservação de sémen de lebre-ibérica. Apesar disso, estes resultados demonstram que a eletroejaculação permite a obtenção de sémen de elevada qualidade, adequado para conservação em refrigeração

ABSTRACT - The Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) is a leporid species endemic of the Iberian Peninsula that constitutes one of the most common preys in the food chain of many predators. Even though, its decline has been taking place in vast areas of Portugal and Spain over the last three decades. In 2023, the Iberian hare was included in the Portuguese Red Book of Mammals with a conservation status of “vulnerable”. Several natural and anthropogenic factors influence the population dynamics of this species and contribute to its vulnerability, namely high hunting pressure-predation, fragmentation and loss of habitat, susceptibility to infectious and parasitic diseases, use of rodenticides on agricultural land and roadkill. The available information on Iberian hare’s reproductive biology and the use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) in this species is limited. Thus, this study aimed to develop and optimize a semen collection method in this species. For that, it was assembled a species specific electroejaculation probe and 14 attempts of electroejaculation were carried out on 8 Iberian hare males, over the age of six months, under general anaesthesia. Posteriorly, the semen samples collected were diluted with GALAP (IMV technologies), a commercial semen extender designed for the preservation of fresh rabbit semen and macroscopically and microscopically evaluated. The samples were also refrigerated at 5ºC or 16ºC and spermatozoa motility was microscopically reassessed up to 30h after semen collection. The obtained results suggest that the drug combination of ketamine and xylazine promotes full anaesthesia five times faster than the drug combination of ketamine and acepromazine and induces the micturition reflex avoiding contamination of the ejaculates with urine. In a total of 14 electroejaculation attempts, 7 ejaculates were obtained, thus the success rate in semen collection in this study was 50%. However, 71.4% of the attempts did not result on ejaculation or resulted in the collection of samples contaminated with urine. In this study, the Iberian hare semen volume varied between 0.2 and 0.7 mL. Although never reported, mass motility was one of the properties observed and may be a convincing indicator of high fertility rates. The mean SPZ vitality was 87.4%, the mean spermatozoa concentration was 756.89 ´ 106 SPZ/mL, the morphologically normal SPZ ranged from 89.1% to 100% and the normal SPZ motility was between 80% to 92.5%. After refrigeration, better results of normal SPZ motility were obtained when samples were stored at 16ºC. Thirty hours after semen collection, the mean normal motility was 10.73%, suggesting that the GALAP extender may not be the best option for storing Iberian hare semen. Despite that, these findings demonstrate that electroejaculation allows the obtention of high-quality ejaculates from Iberian hare males, suitable for preservation in refrigeration

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área cientifica de Clínica

N/A

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Estatuto de conservação, Eletroejaculação, Conservation status, Semen, Electroejaculation, Lebre-ibérica, Sémen, Iberian hare

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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