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Master thesis . 2022
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Influência da maturação sobre perfil de força-velocidade em jovens praticantes de futebol

Authors: Nunes, Miguel Filipe Figueiredo;

Influência da maturação sobre perfil de força-velocidade em jovens praticantes de futebol

Abstract

A obtenção do perfil de força-velocidade (PFV) com a realização de um sprint, é uma ferramenta útil na caracterização, avaliação e prescrição de treino individualizado. Porém, apesar das suas vastas utilizações, não houve ainda um foco na utilização deste método na caracterização de perfis maturacionais. Devido a esta lacuna, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e comparar as variáveis do PFV horizontal em três etapas distintas do processo de maturação de jovens futebolistas, com o intuito de analisar a influencia da maturação sobre as diferentes variáveis do PFV: força horizontal máxima (𝐹0), velocidade horizontal máxima (𝑉0), potência horizontal máxima(𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥), declive da reta relativa à relação linear entre a 𝐹0 e a 𝑉0 (Slope), eficiência mecânica da aplicação de força na direção horizontal (𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥) e a taxa de decremento da eficiência mecânica com o aumento da velocidade (𝐷𝑅𝐹). Participaram no estudo 146 jovens praticantes de futebol, divididos em três grupos maturacionais distintos: Pre-PVA (n=58), Mid-PVA (n=30) e Post-PVA (n=58). A maturação somática foi estimada a partir dos anos em relação ao pico de velocidade em altura (PVA). O PFV foi determinado a partir da realização de dois sprints de 30 metros, sendo que o sprint com a melhor performance aos 30 metros foi selecionado para análise. O grupo Post-PVA demonstrou valores significativamente superiores para todas as variáveis do PFV: 𝐹0 absoluta, 𝐹0 relativa, 𝑉0, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 absoluta, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 relativa, Slope, 𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 e 𝐷𝑅𝐹. O grupo MidPVA apresentou incrementos em relação ao grupo Pre-PVA nas variáveis, 𝐹0 absoluta, 𝐹0 relativa, 𝑉0, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 absoluta, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 relativa, 𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 e 𝐷𝑅𝐹. Estes resultados demonstraram que as variáveis 𝐹0, 𝑉0 e 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥, aumentaram a partir do período do PVA. Os atletas próximos deste pico, apresentaram um PFV mais orientado para a força, comparativamente aos atletas que já tinham ultrapassado o PVA, sendo que estes últimos otimizaram a 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 devido ao incremento da 𝑉0. Quanto às variáveis de eficiência mecânica, a 𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 e a 𝐷𝑅𝐹, estas incrementaram em todos os grupos maturacionais, podendo ter como fator montante o aumento da capacidade de produção de força a velocidades superiores com o avançar da maturação. Este estudo providencia dados referência para diferenciar atletas praticantes da modalidade de futebol pertencentes a níveis maturacionais distintos, tal como pretende incentivar e agregar a Resumo iv -avaliação maturacional como mais uma ferramenta importante no processo formativo longo e complexo de seleção de talentos.

The sprint force-velocity profile (PFV) is a useful tool in the characterization, evaluation and prescription of individualized training. However, despite its extensive uses, there has not yet been a focus on the use of this method in the characterization of maturational profiles. Due to this gap, the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the variables of horizontal PFV in three distinct stages of the maturation process of young soccer players, with the aim of analyze the influence of maturation over the different variables of PFV: maximum horizontal force (𝐹0), maximum horizontal speed (𝑉0), maximum horizontal power (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥), slope of the line relative to the linear relationship between 𝐹0 and 𝑉0 (Slope), mechanical efficiency of the application of force in the horizontal direction (𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥), and the decrement rate of mechanical efficiency with increasing speed (𝐷𝑅𝐹). The study included 146 young soccer players, divided into three maturational groups: Pre-PVA (n=58), Mid-PVA (n=30) and Post-PVA (n=58). Somatic maturation was estimated over the years in relation to peak height velocity (PVA). The PFV was determined from the realization of two 30 meter sprints, and the sprint with the best 30 meter performance was selected for analysis. The Post-PVA group showed significantly higher values for all variables: absolute 𝐹0, relative 𝐹0, 𝑉0, absolute 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥, relative 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥, slope, 𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 and 𝐷𝑅𝐹. The Mid-PVA group presented increments in relation to the Pre-PVA group in the variables, absolute 𝐹0, relative 𝐹0,𝑉0, absolute 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥, relative 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 and 𝐷𝑅𝐹. These results demonstrated that the variables 𝐹0, 𝑉0 and 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥, increased from the PVA period. The athletes close to this peak presented a more force oriented PFV, compared to athletes who had already surpassed the PVA, the latter of which optimized the 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 at the expense of 𝑉0. As for the variables of mechanical efficiency, the 𝑅𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 and 𝐷𝑅𝐹, they all increased in all maturational groups and may have as an amount factor the increase of the force production capacity at higher speeds, as maturation advances. This study provides reference data to differentiate athletes practicing soccer and belonging to different maturational levels, as it intends to encourage and aggregate maturational evaluation as another important tool in the long and complex formative process of talent selection.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Potência, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais, Youth, Força, Football, Velocity, Futebol, Force-velocity profile, Eficiência mecânica, Maturação, Perfil de força-velocidade, Slope, Jovens, Power, Maturation, Sprint, Force, Mechanical efficiency, Velocidade

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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