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Master thesis . 2022
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Determinants of zombie firms in the eurozone

Authors: Dias, Marina Santos;

Determinants of zombie firms in the eurozone

Abstract

Este trabalho pretende analisar os determinantes de empresas zombie. Empresas zombie são empresas que sobrevivem apesar de apresentarem resultados negativos continuamente. Este estudo utiliza uma definição principal (empresa deve ter mais de 10 anos e apresentar uma taxa de cobertura de juros inferior a 1 por três anos consecutivos) e uma definição alternativa (definição principal e apresentar um rácio Tobin’s q e um ROE inferior à média do sector, por três anos consecutivos). Empresas zombie representam um fenómeno negativo, pois resultam em efeitos negativos sobre a produtividade e crescimento de outras empresas. Assim, a questão principal é: “Quais são os determinantes de empresas zombie na Zona Euro?”. As conclusões poderão ajudar a identificar, prever e evitar empresas zombie. Concluímos que empresas zombie são frequentemente pequenas e médias empresas, com 40 anos e que laboram em Consumo, Indústria, Saúde e Tecnologia. A probabilidade de uma empresa ser zombie cresce com corrupção, rácio de dívida e intangíveis e decresce com competitividade, ROA e rácio de liquidez. Concluímos também que cerca de 11% e 5.5% das observações são empresas zombie, sob a definição principal e alternativa, respetivamente.

This paper aims to study zombie firms’ determinants. Zombie firms are firms who manage to survive although they keep reporting negative equity. This paper uses a primary zombie definition (firm over 10 years old with an ICR below 1 for three years in a row) and an alternative definition (primary definition and a Tobin’s q ratio and an ROE below-median within the sector, for three years in a row). Zombie firms are a negative phenomenon who result in negative effects on other firms’ productivity and growth. Thus, the research question is: “What are the determinants of zombie firms in the Eurozone?”. Conclusions can be used to identify, predict, and avoid zombie firms. We find that zombie firms are often SME, around 40 years old and mostly present in the Consumer Cyclicals, Industrials, Healthcare and Technology. The probability of a firm being a zombie grows with corruption, debt ratio and intangibles and decreases with competitiveness, current ratio, and ROA. We also find that zombie firms represent around 11% and 5.5% of our observations under the primary and alternative definitions, respectively.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Mestrado Bolonha em Finanças

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Negative equity firms, Zombie lending, Zombie firms, Evergreening

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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