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Doctoral thesis . 2010
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Modelos organizacionais e práticas de gestão de recursos humanos - um estudo multi-caso

Authors: Marques, Maria Amélia André;

Modelos organizacionais e práticas de gestão de recursos humanos - um estudo multi-caso

Abstract

O presente trabalho teve como objectivo estudar as práticas de gestão de recursos humanos em empresas ligadas a sectores de elevada intensidade tecnológica e as percepções dos trabalhadores sobre o trabalho. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foi utilizada a metodologia de estudo multi-caso, em quatro empresas, recorrendo-se a um conjunto de técnicas de recolha de informação que passaram pela entrevista aos responsáveis de recursos humanos, pelo inquérito aos trabalhadores, pela análise documental e pela observação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o sector de actividade, entendido em termos "societais", emerge como factor importante na modelação das práticas de gestão de recursos humanos, contribuindo para as semelhanças entre as empresas que o integram. Constata-se que essas semelhanças se devem á necessidade de conformação com os requisitos da Qualidade e as exigências dos clientes. Constatou-se, também, que as empresas que têm implementado o modelo "lean" apresentam mais semelhanças entre si do que com as outras empresas nos modelos de gestão de recursos humanos e de conceptualizado capital humano. Estes modelos caracterizam-se pela formalização das práticas e pela conceptualização do capital humano como de baixo valor e singularidade. Quanto às percepções sobre as características do trabalho, os factores que parecem contribuir para as diferenças nas percepções dos trabalhadores das diferentes empresas, são a percepção do acesso à informação, entendida como comunicação formal, e a percepção do trabalho enriquecido, sendo o efeito destes factores moderado pela organização do trabalho em equipa. O trabalho em equipa emerge como o factor que contribui para uma percepção maior do acesso à informação e de uma chefia de apoio, sendo esse efeito reflectido na maior satisfação na participação e desenvolvimento no trabalho e nas relações interpessoais. A percepção do trabalho enriquecido tem efeitos sobre a percepção de uma cultura de inovação, mas não tem efeito sobre a satisfação com a participação e desenvolvimento no trabalho. A satisfação no trabalho também é condicionada pelas características sociográficas dos trabalhadores, como sejam, o sexo, a escolaridade a antiguidade na função e a antiguidade na empresa.

This study's main aim is to analyze human resource management practices in firms in Portugal, linked to technology-intensive sectors, and the employees' perceptions of work. Our aim is based on the assumptions that the human resource management practices of the firms are shaped by the organizational models, in which interact organizational and environmental factors. It is also based on the assumption that firms linked to technology-intensive sectors are more likely to adopt more flexible models and flexible work practices. In order to achieve our aim we used multiple-case study methodology. Four firms we chosen for the case study. The methodology included the use of different data collecting techniques, namely: interviews with HRM directors, questionnaires to workers, documental analysis and observation. Our main findings were, first, the sector of activity, understood in societal terms, emerges as an important factor of isomorphism between the firms. This isomorphism is due to the necessity of firms to comply with the Quality Management requirements and the demands of clients. Second, the firms that have adopted the "lean" model have similar HRM systems and similar conceptualizations of human capital. Both firms have codifying HRM models and both conceptualize their human capital as having low value and singularity. Third, the perception of access to information and the perception of job enrichment are the two factors that differentiate employees' perceptions about work. These factors are, however, shaped by team-work. Team work seems to be responsible for a higher perception of access to information and to supportive leadership. The perception of job enrichment is correlated to the perception of an innovative culture but it appears not to influence the satisfaction with participation and personal development in work. Team work seems to enable the perception of access to information and of supportive leadership and contributes to a higher level of satisfaction. Some employee characteristics shape job satisfaction, namely: sex, level of education, and tenure.

Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Modelos Organizacionais, Acesso à informação, Organizational Models, Access to Information, Organização do trabalho, Percepções dos trabalhadores, Employees' Perceptions, Organização do Trabalho em Equipa, Gestão de Recursos Humanos, Human Resources Management, Work Organization, Team Work

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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