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Master thesis . 2010
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Detecção de contaminantes no mel

Authors: Almeida, Conceição Maria Vieira de Brito;

Detecção de contaminantes no mel

Abstract

A produção de mel em Portugal tem sido, geralmente, encarada como uma actividade de lazer, ainda que ultimamente tenham aparecido apicultores que se dedicam de forma profissional à apicultura possuindo já um número elevado de colmeias. A instalação que se vem verificando de uma situação do colapso das abelhas (desaparecimento das abelhas da colmeia) e a ameaça que poderá representar para a agricultura no que respeita à polinização, constituem uma preocupação a nível mundial. A preocupação dos consumidores no que respeita à segurança alimentar, particularmente relacionada com a presença quer de contaminantes químicos como microbiológicos esteve na base do desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Foi desenvolvido um processo de extracção para permitir que a Cromatografia de Camada Fina fosse usada como metodologia de rastreio de pesticidas no mel. Deveria ter sido possível detectar Amitraz ao nível de 0,2 μg/g (LMR 200 μg/kg), Cumafos 0,1 μg/g (LMR 100 μg/kg), Lindano e Metiocarbe 0,00001 μg/g (LMR 0,01 μg/kg) e então confirmar com uma técnica quantitativa. Mas o limite de detecção atingido não se conseguiu aproximar dos valores do Limite Máximo de Resíduo (LMR), sendo necessário prosseguir esta linha de investigação. Caracterizou-se a oferta de mel, enunciando que tipos de méis estão à disposição do consumidor no mercado da região de Lisboa. Analisou-se a rotulagem das embalagens de mel, com a finalidade de observar se a informação fornecida ao consumidor cumpria os requisitos legais. Do conjunto 27% das embalagens apresentaram-se como não conformes. O procedimento de extracção desenvolvido foi aplicado em 23 amostras de mel adquiridas no mercado da região de Lisboa. Procedeu-se também à análise microbiológica das mesmas amostras. Os contaminantes químicos pesquisados foram o lindano, cumafos, metiocarbe sulfóxido e amitraz, pois são utilizados pelos apicultores ou persistem no ambiente e têm sido detectados no mel. Detectou-se pesticidas em 5 das 23 amostras. Em relação aos contaminantes microbiológicos foi pesquisada a presença de Salmonella e de esporos de clostrídeos sulfito-redutores e efectuou-se a contagem de bolores e leveduras. Não foram detectados quaisquer dos microrganismos analisados em nenhuma das amostras de mel. Conclui-se que as amostras de mel analisadas apresentaram, uma elevada qualidade microbiológica.

ABSTRACT - Honey production in Portugal has been, usually, faced as a leisure activity, although lately there have appeared beekeepers that are devoted from a professional way to the beekeeping, already possessing a high number of beehives. The installation of a situation of the collapse of the bees (disappearance of the bees of the beehive) and the threat that can act for the agriculture in what respects to the pollination constitute a concern at world level. The consumers' concern in what respects to the alimentary safety, particularly related with the presence of chemical pollutants as microbiologic was in the base of the development of this work. A process for the extraction of pesticides from honey matrix to be used in Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) was developed. This work aimed at detecting the following levels of contaminants: Amitraz at the level of 0.2 μg/g (LMR 200 μg/kg), Cumafos 0.1 μg/g (LMR 100 μg/kg), Lindano and Metiocarbe 0.00001 μg/g (LMR 0.01 μg/kg) and then to confirm with a quantitative method. The expected detection limits could not be achieved with the developed technique, requiring further research. The honey offer was characterized, enunciating that types of honeys are to the consumer's disposition in the market of the area of Lisbon. The labeling of the honey was analyzed, with the purpose of observing the information supplied the consumer accomplished the legal requirements. Of the group 27% of the labeling they came as you don't conform. The procedure of developed extraction and microbiological analysis was applied in 23 honey samples purchased in the market of the area of Lisbon. The researched chemical pollutants were the lindane, coumaphos, methiocarb sulfoxide and amitraz, because they are used by the beekeepers or they persist in the atmosphere and they have been detected in the honey. It was detected pesticides in 5 of the 23 samples. In relation to the microbiologic pollutants the presence of Salmonella was researched and of Clostridium spores and counting of moulds and yeasts. Any of the microorganisms were not detected analyzed in none of the honey samples. We conclude that the honey samples analyzed presented had a high microbiologic quality.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Contaminantes, Pollutants, TLC, Microbiologic quality, Honey, Qualidade microbiológica, Pesticides, Mel, Pesticidas

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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