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Master thesis . 2010
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Biodiversidade de cogumelos em povoamentos de pináceas nos Pirinéus catalães

Authors: Chorão, Tânia Susete Silvestre;

Biodiversidade de cogumelos em povoamentos de pináceas nos Pirinéus catalães

Abstract

In recent years, the harvest of mushrooms registered a strong increase in the Solsonès County (Spain). This activity may affect directly the production and diversity of mushrooms due to the reduction of sexual reproduction, namely the dispersion of spores and the disruption of the mycelium. Indirectly, these processes can affect the soil by compacting it, which can be harmful for some species. It should be noted that the years of poor production are usually associated with low rainfall, decreasing soil water availability or due to the characteristics of the plots. The analysis focused on 21 plots, of which 11 of P. nigra, 6 of P. sylvestris and 4 of P. halepensis, for the years 1997 to 2001 and 2007. The plots were observed from September to December of each year. The mushrooms were classified into 3 categories (not edible, edible and edible marketed), being edible marketed mushrooms the focus of this work. With the dataset, we estimate for stands dominated by each pine species and for each year, the biodiversity of mycorrhizal and saprophytic edible fungi. Furthermore, the 10 years of data were used to compare the evolution of biodiversity of the mushrooms associated with the 3 species of Pinus. The results showed a decrease in the number of carpophores. In 2007, a year with lower production, the number of carpophores was 48 with 3.94 kg ha-1 of dry weight. P. sylvestris stands showed the highest number of carpophores (347 carpophores ha-1) and of dry weight (4,08 kg ha-1) while the lowest figures were observed for P. halepensis stands (121 carpophores and 0,83 kg ha-1 of dry weight). The geographical distribution and the ecological characteristics associated with the 3 pine species are different. P. sylvestris is usually found between 800/1000 and 2000 m of altitude where the average annual rainfall is between 700 and 1300 mm. P. nigra has a distribution between 200/400 and 1600/2000 m of altitude, with average annual rainfall between 600 and 650 mm. Finally, P. halepensis, a Mediterranean species, is found in the regions from sea level up to 1600 m with average annual rainfall between 200 to 1500 mm.----------------------------------------Na comarca de Solsonès (Espanha), a colheita de cogumelos tem registado um forte incremento motivado por uma procura e comercialização crescentes. O aumento da procura é motivado pelos diversos fins de utilização dos cogumelos, de entre os quais se destacam a alimentação e a medicina. Como consequência, poderá verificar-se a perda da biodiversidade desses fungos. Neste contexto, a elaboração deste estudo de biodiversidade assume relevância. Foram analisadas 21 parcelas, 11 de P. nigra, 6 de P. sylvestris e 4 de P. halepensis, para os anos entre 1997 e 2001 e para 2007. Os povoamentos que apresentaram maior número e peso de carpóforos foram os de P. sylvestris. No extremo oposto, encontram-se os de P. halepensis. Contudo, os resultados mostraram uma diminuição do número e do peso seco dos carpóforos por unidade de área, nos últimos anos do estudo, especialmente em 2007. Analisando os índices de biodiversidade, não se observam grandes diferenças entre as três espécies de pinheiro. Os índices indicam que, em geral, os povoamentos de P. nigra, P. sylvestris e P. halepensis têm grande diversidade. Existem, contudo, duas excepções: os anos de 2001 e de 2007 para as três espécies e o ano de 1997 para os povoamentos de P. halepensis. Neste estudo constatámos uma diminuição de biodiversidade nos últimos anos, discutindo-se algumas das possíveis causas desta perda, nomeadamente as variações climáticas, as alterações do solo, catástrofes, características dos povoamentos.

Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia

Country
Portugal
Keywords

cogumelos, biodiversity index, pinhal, perda de biodiversidade, pine forests, indices de biodiversidade, loss of biodiversity, mushrooms

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
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Italian National Biodiversity Future Center