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Doctoral thesis . 2010
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Structural and functional insights into the role of Carbohydrate Esterases and Carbohydrate-Binding Modules in plant cell wall hydrolysis

Authors: Correia, Marcia Alexandra da Silva;

Structural and functional insights into the role of Carbohydrate Esterases and Carbohydrate-Binding Modules in plant cell wall hydrolysis

Abstract

RESUMO - Perspectivas Estruturais e funcionais do papel das carbohidrato esterases e dos modulos de ligação a hidratos de carbono na hidrólise da parede cellular vegetal. - Os polissacáridos da parede celular vegetal constituem uma fonte de carbono e energia que pode ser utilizada por diversos microorganismos desempenhando assim um papel de relevo no ciclo do carbono. A bactéria termofílica anaeróbia Clostridium thermocellum é muito eficaz na degradação dos polissacáridos da parede celular das plantas. Esta produz um complexo multi-enzimático extra-celular de celulases e hemicelulases, denominado celulossoma, demonstrando estas enzimas um extraordinário potencial biotecnológico. Neste trabalho foram determinadas as propriedades bioquímicas e a estrutura cristalográfica do domínio catalítico N-terminal da enzima CtCes3 (CtCes3-1) do Clostridium thermocellum (Capítulo 2). Esta enzima é uma esterase termostável específica para grupos acetilo e que demonstra uma forte preferência por xilano acetilado. É também feita, no Capitulo 3, a caracterização de quatro módulos de ligação a hidratos de carbono (CBMs) da familia 35 que demonstram afinidade para o ácido Δ4,5-anidrogalacturónico (Δ4,5-GalA), apesar de duas das proteínas também interagirem com o acido glucurónico (GlcA). Os dados cristalográficos demonstram que o local de ligação é altamente conservado nos quatro CBM35s. No Capítulo 4, são reveladas as propriedades bioquímicas de um CBM6 da enzima CmCel5A (CBM6-1) do Cellvibrio mixtus. Os dados revelaram que o CBM6-1 reconhece especificamente β1,3-glucanos através de uma plataforma de ligação previamente desconhecida. Estes estudos demonstram os diferentes mecanismos pelos quais uma plataforma proteíca altamente conservada (CBM6) pode reconhecer o mesmo ligando. Finalmente, identificámos um novo CBM da enzima Cthe_2193 (CtCBM55), pertencente ao celulossoma do C. thermocellum, estabelecendo-se assim uma nova família de CBMs. O CtCBM55, ao contrário de outros CBMs do celulossoma, liga-se à D-galactose e à L-arabinose em qualquer configuração anomérica em polissacáridos complexos. A sua especificidade é conferida por varias interacções com o O4 axial dos açucares alvo, uma característica que distingue a galactose e a arabinose dos outros hidratos de carbono que compoêm a parede celular vegetal.

Plant cell wall polysaccharides offer an extraordinary source of carbon and energy that can be used by various microorganisms, thus constituting a central component of the carbon cycle. The anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum is one of the most prolific degraders of plant cell wall polysaccharides. It produces a multi-enzyme extra-cellular complex of cellulases and hemicellulases, the cellulosome, and these enzymes were shown to have a remarkable biotechnological potential. Based on the recently determined genome sequence of Clostridium thermocellum, we aimed to address several unresolved questions concerning the mechanism of plant cell wall hydrolysis by microbial multi-enzyme complexes.The crystal structure and biochemical properties of the N-terminal carbohydrate esterase domain of Clostridium thermocellum CtCes3-1 were determined (chapter 2). The enzyme is a thermostable acetyl-specific esterase that exhibits a strong preference for acetylated xylan. In adition, we report, in Chapter 3, the characterization of four carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) of family 35 that display specificity for Δ4,5-anhydrogalacturonic acid (Δ4,5-GalA), although two of the proteins also interact with glucuronic acid (GlcA). X-ray crystallographic data revealed that the ligand binding site is highly conserved in the four CBM35s. In chapter 4, biochemical properties of a CBM6 (CBM6-1) from Cellvibrio mixtus CmCel5A are presented. The data revealed that CBM6-1 recognizes specifically β1,3-glucans through a previous unknown ligand binding plataform. These studies reveal the different mechanisms by which a highly conserved protein platform (CBM6) can recognise a common ligand. Finally, we identified a novel CBM within the large C. thermocellum cellulosomal protein Cthe_2193 (CtCBM55), which is the founder member of a new CBM family. CtCBM55, in contrast to the previously characterized cellulosomal CBMs, binds to D-galactose and L-arabinose in either anomeric configuration in complex polysaccharides. Ligand specificity is conferred through numerous interactions with the axial O4 of the target sugars, a feature that distinguishes galactose and arabinose from the other major sugars located into plant cell walls.

This work was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through individual fellowship SFRH/BD/23784/2005. Co-funded by POCTI/CVT/2004/61162, POCTI/BIA-PRO/2004/59118 and FSE from Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior.

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Clostridium thermocellum, Módulos de ligação a hidratos de carbono, Carbohidrato esterases, Carbohydrate esterases, Carbohydrate-binding modules

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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