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Master thesis . 2020
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O habitar coletivo como determinante social

O contributo da arquitetura do regime comunista para a conformação artificial de uma comunidade, em Bucareste, entre 1945-1989
Authors: Ilie, Evelina Andreea;

O habitar coletivo como determinante social

Abstract

O percurso da Europa do Leste, mais precisamente da Roménia, no período pós-guerras, foi angustiante e conturbado. A situação económica e as transformações decorrentes a partir do ano de 1945, não podem ser entendidas sem uma contextualização política, histórica e económica da União Soviética, uma vez que se encontrava sob semelhante forma de domínio político. Na Roménia, como noutros países detrás da “cortina de ferro”, nada podia escapar às normas e diretrizes traçadas pela URSS, sendo a política, economia, cultura e as artes, ou seja, o processo de criação livre, condicionadas pelos ideais comunistas e pelas influências soviéticas. Portanto, o percurso da arquitetura viveu uma tensão instável. Revelaram-se momentos de confronto entre o sentido histórico e a inovação, entre as afirmações da rutura com o antigo e o regresso aos temas tradicionais. Muitas vezes, as duas vertentes coexistiram paralelamente e, qualquer uma das duas, teve períodos de maior ou menor força na arquitetura deste período. Realista Socialista e Comunista Nacional, assim se denominaram os dois estilos do regime que visionaram usar a imagem simbólica da arquitetura habitacional, para promover os ideais do comunismo. Ao longo de várias épocas, a composição e constituição dos edifícios basearam-se na filiação a um estilo predominante, que definia desde as dimensões e organização dos espaços, até à forma e ao tipo de materiais a aplicar. Essa arquitetura, como afirmação representativa do regime totalitarista, demonstrou como pode a disciplina tornar-se instrumento de propaganda política. E por isso se torna relevante compreender o papel do sistema de produção da habitação coletiva e das construções idealizadas pelo Estado, tal como a forma como estas influenciaram as práticas habitacionais da população romena.

ABSTRACT: The course of Eastern Europe, more precisely Romania, in the postwar period, was harrowing and troubled. The economic situation and the changes arising from the year 1945 onwards cannot be understood without a political, historical and economic context of the Soviet Union, as it was in a similar form of political control. In Romania, as in other countries behind the “Iron Curtain”, nothing could escape the rules and guidelines outlined by the USSR, being politics, economics, culture and arts, in other words, the process of free creation, conditioned by communist ideas and by Soviet influences. Therefore, the degree of architecture experienced an unstable tension. There were moments of confrontation between the historical sense and innovation, between the statements of the rupture with the old and the return to traditional themes. Often, the two strands coexisted in parallel and both had periods of bigger or lower force in the architecture of this period. Socialist Realist and National Communist, this is how the two styles of the regime that aimed to use the symbolic image of housing architecture, to promote the ideals of communism, were named. Throughout the ages, the composition and constitution of buildings was based on their affiliation with a predominant style, which defined everything from the dimensions and organization of the spaces to the form and type of materials to be applied. This architecture, as a representative statement of the totalitarian regime, demonstrated how discipline can become instrument of political propaganda. And that is why it is relevant to understand the role of the collective housing production system and the constructions idealized by the State, as well as how they influenced the housing practices of the romanian population.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.

N/A

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Discipline, Sociedade, City, Politics, Habitação coletiva, Society, Política, Disciplina, Cidade, Collective housing

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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