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Master thesis . 2020
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Imunoterapia em oncologia veterinária

Authors: Reis, Melissa Pinto dos;

Imunoterapia em oncologia veterinária

Abstract

O diagnóstico de neoplasia nos animais de companhia é caracterizado por uma abordagem pessimista na prática clínica pelos médicos veterinários. A prevalência da doença é crescente, proporcionalmente à maior longevidade dos nossos animais, dados os melhores cuidados de saúde médico-veterinários disponíveis atualmente. Infelizmente, as terapias convencionais para a doença neoplásica têm efeitos secundários limitantes da qualidade de vida e a maior parte das vezes acabam por não ser uma solução curativa. Torna-se prioritário o esforço da compreensão, controlo e erradicação desta doença nos nossos animais, e a necessária introdução desta temática ainda pouco difundida entre a comunidade médico-veterinária. A imunoterapia em oncologia humana progride rapidamente e o entusiasmo crescente em relação a esta alternativa é partilhado pelos investigadores oncologistas veterinários. Aliando-se da capacidade de diferenciar as células tumorais das células normais, o objetivo deste tipo de terapia é a destruição de células tumorais, através da administração de anticorpos monoclonais ou linfócitos reativos ao tumor, e o desencadear ou o potenciar de respostas imunitárias específicas ao tumor, através da administração de vacinas ou adjuvantes da resposta imunitária. Em três canídeos com linfoma de células B gigantes de alto grau de malignidade, no Hospital-Escolar da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, foi associada ao protocolo de quimioterapia de 25 semanas baseado no CHOP modificado da Universidade Wisconsin-Madison, a vacina APAVAC®. Não foram verificados efeitos adversos à administração da vacina, e os tempos de sobrevida total dos pacientes foram de 936 dias para o paciente I (estadio IIIa), 503 dias para o paciente II (estadio IIIa), e 549 dias para o paciente III (estadio IIIb). Apesar de um tempo de sobrevida superior ao descrito na literatura, o reduzido número de casos (n=3), não possibilitou uma avaliação efetiva do benefício clínico da quimio-imunoterapia. Não obstante, o potencial da quimio-imunoterapia no âmbito da oncologia veterinária implica novos desafios para a comunidade científica, preconizando-se a realização de estudos de qualidade, com ferramentas indicadas para a avaliação do benefício clínico, cujos resultados possibilitem a seleção dos melhores candidatos à terapêutica, e uma integração estratégica das duas vertentes terapêuticas, com a reprogramação do microambiente tumoral favoravelmente à atuação do sistema imunitário contra a doença.

ABSTRACT - Immunotherapy in Veterinary Oncology - The diagnosis of cancer in companion animals is still faced with a pessimistic view from veterinarians in general practice. The prevalence of the disease is increasing, following the trend of higher longevity of our pets, due to the improved veterinary care available nowadays. Conventional cancer therapy has, unfortunately, side effects limiting the quality of life and often does not offer a curative solution. An effort in the understanding, control and erradication of cancer in pets is therefore deemed and the introduction of immune therapy for cancer, still barely acknowledged amongst the veterinary community is much needed. Immune therapy is progressing fast in human oncology. Researchers in veterinary oncology share the growing enthusiasm towards this alternative. Profiting from the ability of differenciating normal cells from tumour cells, the aim of cancer immunotherapy is the destruction of cancer cells, by means of administering monoclonal antibodies or reactive lymphocytes directed against tumour cells. Also, the development or strenghteing of tumour-specific immune responses achieved by the administration of vaccines or adjuvants of the immune response. Three dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma from the clinics of the Teaching Hospital of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária were subjected to a 25-week chemotherapy protocol based in the Wisconsin-Madison modified CHOP, together with the APA.VAC® autologous vaccine. No adverse effects to the vaccine were noted. The total survival times were of 936 for patient 1 (IIIa stage), 503 days for patient 2 (IIIa stage) and 549 days for patient 3 (IIIb). Although survival times are larger than described in the literature, the reduced number of cases (n=3) did not allow an effective evaluation of the clinical benefit of the chemotherapy protocol. In fact, the potential of chemo-immunotherapy in veterinary oncology warrants new challenges to the scientific community. Thus, the performance of quality studies, with methods suited to evaluation of clinical benefit, whose results allow the selection of the best suited candidates to immunotherapy and the strategic integration of the two therapeutic modalities is much needed, aiming at reprogramming the tumour microenvironment in a favourable way to the action of the immune system against the disease.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

N/A

Country
Portugal
Keywords

APA.VAC®, Vacina, Linfoma, Lymphoma, Canino, Imunoterapia, Immunotherapy, Vaccine, Canine

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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