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Master thesis . 2019
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A praxia fina no envelhecimento das pessoas ocm dificuldade intelectual e desenvolvimental

Authors: Sousa, Ana Sofia Passos de;

A praxia fina no envelhecimento das pessoas ocm dificuldade intelectual e desenvolvimental

Abstract

O envelhecimento é um processo dinâmico que envolve a pessoa, o contexto e a sua relação com o tempo (idade), caracterizado por uma perda progressiva da capacidade funcional e adaptabilidade apesar da heterogeneidade da resposta adaptativa decorrente. Nos últimos anos constata-se um número significativo de indivíduos adultos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID) a envelhecer, sendo a sua esperança média de vida semelhante à da população em geral, o que vem colocar novos desafios à forma como as instituições se organizam na prestação dos apoios e consequentemente, a todos os profissionais que providenciam cuidados e apoios, incluindo os psicomotricistas. Durante o processo de envelhecimento, as pessoas com DID experienciam as mesmas dificuldades limitativas, na autonomia, independência e mobilidade que a restante população, mas apresentam também outras características inerentes ao diagnóstico que podem desenvolver dificuldades acrescidas e que necessitam de ser identificadas e analisadas. É neste sentido que este artigo, baseado na revisão da literatura, apresenta como objetivo caracterizar o perfil psicomotor da pessoa idosa com DID, procurando organizar o conhecimento existente, com o intuito de facilitar a planificação de programas psicomotores mais ajustados a este subgrupo populacional.

As limitações ao nível da praxia fina parecem deter um efeito considerável no desempenho de atividades de vida diária e na autossuficiência pessoal, podendo atuar como um preditor das limitações cognitivas e da menor qualidade de vida. A escassez de evidências sobre o efeito da idade ao nível do declínio progressivo no desempenho práxico fino é evidente com a população típica, sendo ainda mais visível ao nível das pessoas com dificuldades intelectuais e desenvolvimentais (DID). Assim, o objetivo deste artigo passa por analisar as competências da praxia fina de 38 indivíduos, entre os 45 e 71 anos (52.55±5.72), com DID, 19 do género masculino e 19 do género feminino. Para a avaliação das competências de praxia fina foram aplicadas as tarefas correspondentes do Exame Gerontopsicomotor: motricidade fina dos membros superiores e inferiores e praxias. Os resultados apontam para desempenhos dispráxicos, com valores médios, na grande maioria dos itens, inferiores a .50, destacando-se os melhores valores ao nível da motricidade dos membros inferiores. Recomenda-se uma investigação mais aprofundada ao nível da avaliação das competências de motricidade fina, e o estabelecimento de perfis baseline ao nível psicomotor, dada a sua importância como preditores da qualidade de execução das atividades diárias.

Limitations at the level of fine motor skills appear to have a considerable effect on the performance in activities of daily living and personal self-sufficiency and may act as a predictor of cognitive limitations and lower quality of life. The lack of evidence on the effect of age on the progressive decline in fine motor performance is evident with the typical population, and is even more visible at the level of people with intellectual and developmental difficulties (IDD). Therefore, the goal of this article is to analyze the fine motor competences of 38 elderly people, between 45 and 71 years (52.55 ± 5.72), with IDD, 19 male and 19 female. For the evaluation of participants, were applied the fine motor tasks and praxis’ tasks of the Portuguese version of the Examen Gerontopsychomoteur: fine motor skills of upper and lower limbs, and the praxis domains. Results point out for dispraxic performances, with average values, in the great majority of items, inferior to .50, standing out the best values in the fine motor skills of the lower limbs. Further research is required in the evaluation of fine motor skills, and the establishment of baseline profiles at the psychomotor level, given their importance as predictors of the quality of daily activities.

Ageing is a dynamic process involving the person, his/her environment in a direct relation with time (age), characterized by a progressive loss of functional and adaptive abilities, although the possibility of the heterogeneity of the adaptive answer. In recent years, is visible a significant increase of ageing adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD). Their life expectancy is very similar to general population and this new subgroup is creating new challenges to supports provision, including several professional such as psychomotor therapists. During the ageing process, adults with IDD tend to experience the same limitations in autonomy, independent functioning and mobility, of typical peers, but present also other features inherent to IDD diagnosis, which together can develop more restrictions to participation. These limitations should be identified and analyzed. Therefore, the goal of this article, based on a literature review, is to characterize the psychomotor profile of the elderly people with IDD, trying to organize the evidences and knowledge known, aiming to contribute to the planning of psychomotor program more adjusted to this subgroup needs.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Aging, IIntellectual and developmental difficulties, Perfil psicomotor, Psychomotor profile., Envelhecimento, Intellectual and developmental difficulties Older people Fine motor skills Psychomotor intervention Psychomotor profile., Dificuldade intelectual e desenvolvimental, Elderly psychomotor, Psychomotor intervention, Examination, Pessoa idosa, Ageing, Elderly, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Fine motor skills, Praxia fina, Intervenção psicomotora, Older people

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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