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Master thesis . 2018
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África e o Tribunal Penal Internacional (2002 a 2016)

Authors: Bavon, Itamba;

África e o Tribunal Penal Internacional (2002 a 2016)

Abstract

Os Estados africanos membros do Tribunal Penal Internacional e as sociedades civis africanas, sobretudo as ONGs do continente berço da humanidade participaram de forma ativa na criação do TPI em 17 de julho de 1998. A partir do ano 2011 a nos nossos dias, a relação entre os países africanos e o TPI, e com a própria União Africana não tem estado em bons termos pelo facto de o Gabinete do Procurador do TPI ter aberto inquéritos preliminares e emitido mandato de detenção contra alguns chefes de Estado africanos, tais como, o presidente Khadafi na Líbia, Omar Al-Bachir no Sudão e Huru Kenyata no Quénia. Esta situação levou os líderes africanos a adjetivarem o TPI como sendo um Tribunal ao serviço do Ocidente contra África e os africanos, acusando-o de práticas neocolonialista, neoimperialista e de perseguição racial, e que só processa casos envolvendo cidadãos africanos, embora há crimes graves cometidos noutras regiões do mundo que o TPI nem sequer procura abrir inquéritos preliminares. Isso faz com que os países africanos ameacem denunciar o Estatuto de Roma, alegando que o Tribunal não é imparcial no que diz respeito os casos sob investigação no Gabinete do Procurador. Fizemos uma análise crítica dos discursos de chefe de Estados africanos bem como o modus operandi do TPI que deixa de facto um pouco a desejar. Para tornar eficaz a atuação do TPI, pensamos que as reivindicações dos chefes de Estados africanos devem ser tidas em conta, porque como é sabido, o bom funcionamento do TPI depende da cooperação dos Estados membros. Concluímos este trabalho, propondo algumas reformas que devem ser feitas para que esta instituição tão importante não perca credibilidade junto dos seus parceiros e continue a combater a impunidade e crimes graves de âmbito internacional, como o genocídio, crimes de guerra e crimes contra humanidade.

The African States that are members of the International Criminal Court and African civil societies, especially the NGOs of the mainland cradle of humanity, actively participated in the creation of the ICC on July 17, 1998. From 2011until today, the relationship among African countries and ICC, as well as the African Union itself is not in good terms. The ICC Prosecutor's Office has opened preliminary investigations and even issued an arrest warrant on some African Heads of State, such as Libya’s President Gaddafi, Omar Al-Bachir in Sudan and Huru Kenyata in Kenya. This has led African leaders to refer to the ICC as a Court at the service of the West against Africa and Africans, accusing it of neocolonialist, neo-imperialist and racial persecution pratices. Furthermore they are accused of only judging cases involving African citizens, while there are serious crimes committed in other regions of the world, that the ICC does not even open preliminary investigations on. This has led African countries to threaten to denounce the Statute of Rome, claiming that the Court is not impartial. We have done a critical analysis of the speeches of Heads of African States as well as the modus operandi of the ICC which leaves something to be desired. In order to make the ICC effective, we believe that the demands of the African Heads of States must be taken into account, because, as is well known, the proper functioning of the ICC depends on the cooperation of the Member States. We conclude this work by proposing some reforms that must be done so that this important institution does not lose credibility with its partners and continues to fight against impunity and serious crimes of international scope, such as genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais

N/A

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

TPI, Estados africanos, ICC, Individual responsibility, African States, Principle of complementarity and immunity, Responsabilidade individual, Princípio da complementaridade e imunidade, Conselho de segurança da ONU, UN Security Council

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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