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Comparação entre técnicas cirúrgicas para a correcção da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em canídeos

Authors: Iglésias, Leonor Vital;

Comparação entre técnicas cirúrgicas para a correcção da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em canídeos

Abstract

ABSTRACT - Comparison of surgical techniques for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture management in dogs -- This thesis’ objective was to evaluate the differences between several techniques used to repair cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog. It was based on a literature review and a retrospective study including 11 surgical cases from the Teaching Hospital, followed during the curricular training in this institution. Three groups of techniques were represented in this study: intra-capsular techniques, extra-capsular techniques and tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). Intra-capsular techniques aim to substitute the ruptured ligament by implanting a graft in a similar position of the cranial cruciate ligament’s original anatomical position. On the other hand, the extra-capsular techniques use extra-articular implants to achieve a temporary stabilization, which will prevent meniscal damage, as the peri-articular fibrosis responsible for the permanent stability develops. The stability provided by these traditional techniques is based on a passive restraint to the stifle’s movements. Another type of joint stability can be achieved by bone geometry and stifle’s biomechanics alteration. This dynamic stability, where passive restraints are no longer required, is the aim of the tibial osteotomy techniques, such as TPLO and TTA, which are based in two different biomechanical models of the stifle joint. These techniques aim either to level the tibial plateau slope angle, or to alter the alignment of the patelar tendon, or simultaneously both (TTO). Because the development of the tibial osteotomy techniques result from a deeper knowledge of stifle’s biomechanics, there has been an increased popularity of these procedures in the past years, over the traditional ones, supported by a subjective clinical impression of shorter recovery time, slower progression of degenerative joint disease (DJD), and better function of the affected limb. Currently available data remains insufficient to support these advantages, and to date no procedure has proven to be superior. Carefully designed long-term objective studies and further biomechanical studies are required to determine the optimal cranial cruciate ligament repair technique.

O objectivo do presente trabalho centra-se na comparação entre técnicas cirúrgicas para a resolução da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em canídeos. Foi baseado numa pesquisa bibliográfica e num estudo estatístico retrospectivo de 11 casos intervencionados no Hospital Escolar, seguidos durante o estágio curricular. Nesse estudo foram incluídos três grupos de técnicas: tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), técnicas extra-capsulares e técnicas intracapsulares. As técnicas intra-capsulares visam essencialmente substituir o ligamento rupturado, através do uso de enxertos que vão ficar localizados numa posição semelhante à posição anatómica do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr). As técnicas extra-capsulares, por outro lado, diminuem temporariamente a laxitude articular, pelo que em última instância a estabilização definitiva do joelho é alcançada pela exacerbação da fibrose peri-articular. O mecanismo de acção deste tipo de técnicas é portanto fornecer uma restrição passiva aos movimentos do joelho. Outro grupo de técnicas atinge a estabilidade articular por meio da alteração da geometria óssea, e portanto da biomecânica do joelho, de modo a que as restrições passivas deixem de ser necessárias. Estas técnicas são as osteotomias tibiais, e o tipo de estabilidade que providenciam designa-se por estabilidade dinâmica. Existem dois modelos biomecânicos da articulação femoro-tibio-patelar mais aceites, nos quais se baseiam estas técnicas. Essencialmente vai-se atingir a estabilidade dinâmica pelo nivelamento do ângulo de inclinação do plateau tibial, ou pela alteração do alinhamento do tendão patelar, ou ainda pelos dois em simultâneo. Actualmente nenhuma técnica se destaca de todas as outras como a mais vantajosa. Apesar disso, verifica-se uma crescente aposta nas osteotomias tibiais, por resultarem de um conhecimento mais aprofundado da biomecânica do joelho, e por aparentemente diminuírem o tempo de recuperação, a progressão da doença degenerativa articular (DDA), e resultarem numa função final do membro afectado mais satisfatória. Contudo, estas vantagens reportadas até à data baseiam-se em impressões clínicas subjectivas dos autores, não havendo estudos objectivos com reavaliações a longo prazo que as suportem.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

CrCLR, Cirurgia, Técnica extra-capsular, Estabilidade dinâmica, Cranial cruciate ligament rupture, Intra-capsular technique, Dynamic stability, DJD, Dog, Surgery, LCCr, DDA, Ruptura ligamento cruzado cranial, Canídeo, Tibial tuberosity advancement, Técnica intra-capsular, Extracapsular technique

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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