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University technology transfer and the role of technology transfer offices

Authors: Carvalho, Rui Manuel Cartaxo Simões de;

University technology transfer and the role of technology transfer offices

Abstract

O Objeto desta tese é a Transferência de Tecnologia Universitária (UTT), isto é, os mecanismos da transferência de tecnologia entre as universidades e as empresas interessadas no uso do conhecimento gerado pelos investigadores universitários, e o papel dos Gabinetes de Transferência de Tecnologia (TTO) universitários, com base em três estudos apresentados cronologicamente, ainda em fase embrionária, à DRUID Academy, no período 2012-2014 Num primeiro estudo, baseado num inquérito realizado em 2008 aos TTO portugueses, tentamos compreender o desempenho dos dois tipos diferentes de TTO, os GAPI e as OTIC, concluindo que este é influenciado quer pela natureza institucional dos TTO, quer pelos recursos postos à sua disposição e os existentes na sua Universidade Num segundo estudo, utilizando as informações da AUTM disponíveis para os EUA em 2014, tentamos entender se o modelo linear de transferência de tecnologia universitária é válido. Este modelo vê a UTT como um processo sequencial, onde primeiro ocorre a revelação das invenções pelos investigadores aos TTO , seguida do pedido de patente, e, finalmente, do licenciamento de algumas das patentes concedidas e da criação de spin-offs universitários. Neste estudo conclui-se que este modelo linear se mantém válido. Num terceiro estudo, estudamos os mecanismos de partilha do rendimento gerado pelo licenciamento das patentes (royalties) que as universidades portuguesas e espanholas, concederam aos inventores universitários, nos últimos quinze anos. A análise empírica é baseada em dados ao nível das universidades e em dois inquéritos, recolhidos para o conjunto dos inventores universitários e junto dos TTO em cada um dos países. Pretendíamos saber se se os referidos acordos de partilha de royalties têm sido eficazes no estímulo aos esforços dos inventores, e concluímos que não têm qualquer influência nos níveis de patenteamento e nas de receitas de licenciamento.

The subject of this Doctoral thesis is university technology transfer (UTT) and the role of university technology transfer offices (TTOs), which intermediate technology transfer between universities and those firms interested in the use of the knowledge generated by the universities researchers. The aim of the thesis is to understand this UTT process, and the mediating role of TTOs. Three studies are presented here, in the same order as they were presented at very early stages, to DRUID Academy Conferences, in 2012-2014. In a first study, based on a survey we conducted in 2008 to the Portuguese TTOs, we investigate the performance of the two different types of university technology transfer offices, GAPIs and OTICs and we conclude that their performance takes into account not only the different institutional nature of these TTOs but also the resources available to the TTOs and in the Universities to which they belong. In a second study, using the AUTM survey information available for the U.S. in 2014, we try to understand whether the linear model of UTT is valid. The linear model sees UTT to firms as a sequential multi-stage process, where inventions disclosure occurs, followed by patent applications by TTOs, and finally the licensing of some of the patents granted and the creation of university spin-offs. We conclude that the linear models remains valid. In a third study, we focus on the fact that Portuguese and Spanish universities, have adopted inventor royalty sharing arrangements over the last fifteen years. The empirical analysis is based on university-level data and two new self-collected surveys for both university inventors and university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) in each of the two countries. We aimed to assess whether such royalty sharing arrangements have been effective in stimulating inventors’ efforts and we conclude that they have not.

Doutoramento em Economia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Licensing, Relações universidade-indústria, Patents, University-industry relationships, Transferência de tecnologia, Spin-offs universitários, Technology transfer, University spin-offs, Patentes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green