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Master thesis . 2025
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Terapias personalizadas no cancro

Authors: Mendes, Cristiane Baptista Nunes Mota;

Terapias personalizadas no cancro

Abstract

O presente trabalho explora a importância e os avanços das terapias personalizadas no tratamento do cancro, destacando o impacto da epigenética. As terapias personalizadas representam uma abordagem inovadora que permite adaptar tratamentos específicos para cada doente com base no seu perfil genético e epigenético, em vez de seguir as tradicionais abordagens. Esta estratégia não só melhora a eficácia dos tratamentos, como também minimiza os efeitos colaterais, resultando numa melhor qualidade de vida para os doentes. Neste trabalho, definimos as principais áreas científicas que contribuem para o desenvolvimento das terapias personalizadas, incluindo a genómica, bioinformática, farmacogenómica e edição de genoma. Explorámos como estas áreas se interligam para criar estratégias terapêuticas adaptadas às características únicas de cada doente. Discutimos também os mecanismos epigenéticos, como a metilação do DNA, a modificação das histonas e como estes podem ser manipulados para desenvolver novos fármacos, conhecidos como epifármacos. Um estudo de caso foi apresentado para ilustrar a aplicação prática das terapias personalizadas, destacando um ensaio clínico de imunoterapia que resultou em remissão completa de um doente com cancro de mama metastático. Além disso, foram discutidas as vantagens das terapias personalizadas, como a precisão e eficiência, redução de efeitos colaterais, custo-efetividade e a promoção de uma abordagem preventiva em vez de reativa. A tese também aborda os desafios regulatórios e logísticos na implementação dessas terapias, bem como as perspetivas futuras, incluindo avanços tecnológicos e a necessidade de uma colaboração estreita entre instituições de investigação, indústrias farmacêuticas e governos. A medicina personalizada no tratamento do cancro representa um avanço significativo na medicina, proporcionando esperança e novas possibilidades para um tratamento mais eficaz e individualizado dos doentes.

The present work explores the importance and advancements of personalized therapies in cancer treatment, highlighting the impact of epigenetics. Personalized therapies represent an innovative approach that enables the adaptation of specific treatments for each patient based on their genetic and epigenetic profile, rather than following traditional approaches. This strategy not only enhances treatment efficacy but also minimizes side effects, resulting in a better quality of life for patients. In this work, we define the main scientific areas that contribute to the development of personalized therapies, including genomics, bioinformatics, pharmacogenomics, and genome editing. We explored how these areas intersect to create therapeutic strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, were also discussed, along with how these can be manipulated to develop new drugs, known as epidrugs. A case study was presented to illustrate the practical application of personalized therapies, highlighting a clinical trial in immunotherapy that resulted in the complete remission of a patient with metastatic breast cancer. Additionally, the advantages of personalized therapies, such as precision and efficiency, reduced side effects, cost-effectiveness, and the promotion of a preventive rather than reactive approach, were discussed. The thesis also addresses the regulatory and logistical challenges in implementing these therapies, as well as future perspectives, including technological advances and the need for close collaboration between research institutions, pharmaceutical industries, and governments. Personalized medicine in cancer treatment represents a significant advancement in medicine, providing hope and new possibilities for a more effective and individualized treatment of patients.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Mestrado integrado - 2024, Genómica e medicina personalizada, Terapias personalizadas, Epigenética, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Cancro

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research