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Master thesis . 2025
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Estudo de Novos Marcadores Genéticos SNPs de Identificação Humana com Tecnologia de NGS na População de Lisboa

Authors: Mofreita, Vânia Sofia Araújo;

Estudo de Novos Marcadores Genéticos SNPs de Identificação Humana com Tecnologia de NGS na População de Lisboa

Abstract

A Genética Forense tem desempenhado um papel fundamental na identificação humana, especialmente em casos que envolvem amostras biológicas degradadas. Os Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) têm emergido como marcadores genéticos essenciais nesta área, destacando-se pela sua aplicabilidade em amostras complexas, devido à sua estabilidade, reduzido tamanho de amplicão e ampla distribuição no genoma. O Precision ID Identity Panel surge como uma solução robusta para a tipagem de SNPs multiplex, desenvolvido especificamente para a discriminação individual. Este painel é composto por 124 SNPs – 90 SNPs dos autossómicos e 34 SNPs do cromossoma Y –, sendo compatível com tecnologias de sequenciação de nova geração (NGS). A introdução da NGS revolucionou a área forense ao permitir a análise simultânea de múltiplos loci, reduzindo significativamente o tempo e os custos laboratoriais. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as frequências alélicas dos 90 SNPs autossómicos do Precision ID Identity Panel, avaliar parâmetros populacionais e forenses e comparar os resultados obtidos com populações publicadas. Foram colhidas amostras de células da mucosa bucal de 119 indivíduos da população de Lisboa, sujeitas a sequenciação NGS. As amostras foram analisadas através da plataforma Ion Torrent e a análise estatística conduzida maioritariamente no software STRAF. Os resultados demonstraram a utilidade dos SNPs como marcadores genéticos e revelaram o forte poder discriminativo do painel na identificação individual e na caracterização populacional, reforçando a sua aplicabilidade forense. Adicionalmente, evidenciaram uma proximidade genética entre as populações de Lisboa e do Brasil. A integração da NGS na análise de SNPs representa um avanço significativo na genética forense, permitindo investigações mais precisas, robustas e eficientes na identificação humana e nos estudos de diversidade populacional.

Forensic Genetics has played a crucial role in human identification, particularly in cases involving degraded biological samples. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have emerged as essential genetic markers in this field, standing out for their applicability in complex samples, due to their stability, small amplicon size, and wide distribution across the genome. The Precision ID Identity Panel has proven to be a robust solution for multiplex SNP typing, specifically developed for individual discrimination. This panel consists of 124 SNPs—90 autosomal SNPs and 34 Y-chromosome SNPs— and is compatible with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The introduction of NGS has revolutionized the forensic field by enabling the simultaneous analysis of multiple loci, significantly reducing both processing time and laboratory costs. This study aimed to determine the allele frequencies of the 90 autosomal SNPs in the Precision ID Identity Panel, assess population and forensic parameters, and compare the obtained results with other published populations. Buccal mucosa cell samples were collected from 119 individuals from the Lisbon population and subjected to NGS sequencing. The samples were analyzed using the Ion Torrent platform, and statistical analysis was primarily conducted with the STRAF software. The results demonstrated the utility of SNPs as genetic markers and revealed the panel's strong discriminative power in individual identification and population characterization, reinforcing its forensic applicability. Additionally, the findings highlighted a genetic proximity between the Lisbon and Brazilian populations. The integration of NGS into SNP analysis represents a significant advancement in forensic genetics, enabling more precise, robust, and efficient investigations in human identification and population diversity studies.

Tese de mestrado, Biologia Humana e Ambiente , 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Teses de mestrado - 2025, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Sequenciação de Nova Geração, SNP, População de Lisboa, Genética Forense, Precision ID Identity Panel

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green