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Master thesis . 2025
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Terapias celulares: aplicações e perspetivas futuras

Authors: Simões, Mariana Gonçalves;

Terapias celulares: aplicações e perspetivas futuras

Abstract

A terapia celular é uma terapêutica relativamente recente e inovadora que se tem mostrado bastante útil no combate a doenças sem cura ou que necessitam de um ajuste no tratamento já existente. Esta nova abordagem, tal como o seu nome indica, faz uso de células que podem ter origem no próprio doente ou ser doadas por um dador. Esta terapia envolve um processo complexo em todas as fases de colheita, fabrico, administração e pós administração e necessita de laboratórios com as melhores condições de equipamentos e de limpeza. Como tal, é de esperar que os custos associados a este tratamento sejam bastante elevados, já que estes englobam não só todas as fases abordadas anteriormente, mas também todo o investimento feito pela indústria na sua investigação. Este é um dos principais desafios éticos que estas terapias enfrentam, já que poderão não permitir o acesso a todas as classes sociais, contribuindo para o aumento das desigualdades na saúde. Para além deste, existem outros desafios éticos, biológicos, de produção e regulatórios que devem ser tidos em conta para que haja cada vez mais uma evolução crescente deste ramo da medicina. O foco desta monografia, numa primeira parte, consiste na explicação dos tipos de terapias celulares existentes e na caracterização dos diferentes tipos de células que podem ser utilizadas. De seguida, procede-se a uma explicação detalhada da terapia celular utilizada há mais tempo, o transplante de medula óssea, e de outro tipo de terapia celular mais recente que tem gerado bastante interesse, a utilização de células CAR-T. Numa fase posterior, são abordadas diferentes aplicações das terapias celulares na prática clínica e é apresentado um quadro com as terapias aprovadas até aos dias de hoje pela EMA e pela FDA. De forma a concluir esta monografia, foram abordadas questões como as perspetivas futuras destes tratamentos, bem como desafios que terão que ser ultrapassados, sem nunca deixar de falar das questões éticas que estão bastante envolvidas durante todo este processo.

Cell therapy is a relatively recent and innovative therapeutic approach that has proven to be quite useful in fighting incurable diseases or those that require adjustments in existing treatments. As the name suggests, this new approach involves the use of cells that may originate from the patient themselves or be donated by a donor. This therapy involves a complex process at all stages, including harvesting, manufacturing, administration, and post-administration, and requires laboratories with the best equipment and cleanliness conditions. As such, it is expected that the costs associated with this treatment will be quite high, as they encompass not only all the previously mentioned stages but also all the investment made by the industry in its research. This is one of the main ethical challenges, as this therapies may not allow access to all patients, contributing to increased health inequalities. In addition, there are other ethical, biological, production, and regulatory challenges that must be considered to ensure the continued advancement of this branch of medicine. The focus of this monograph, in the beginning, consists of explaining the types of existing cell therapies and characterizing the different types of cells that can be used. Next, a detailed explanation of the longest-used cell therapy, bone marrow transplantation, is provided, as well as another more recent cell therapy that has generated considerable interest: the use of CAR-T cells. In a later stage, different applications of cell therapies in clinical practice are discussed, and a table of therapies approved to date by the EMA and FDA is presented. To conclude this monograph, issues such as the future perspectives of these treatments are addressed, as well as challenges that will need to be overcome, always considering the ethical issues that are deeply involved throughout this process.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Células CAR -T, Transplante de medula óssea, Células estaminais, Mestrado Integrado - 2024, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Terapias celulares

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green