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Master thesis . 2025
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O consentimento nos crimes sexuais

Authors: Fernandes, Maria Beatriz de Aguiar;

O consentimento nos crimes sexuais

Abstract

A violência de género corresponde às agressões sucessivas e permanentes que as mulheres sofrem, resultantes dos papéis sociais a que se associa o sexo feminino. Às mulheres é associada uma passividade que enaltece o poder dos homens, os quais deteriam sobre elas posse. A violência sobre as mulheres é uma realidade quase tão antiga como a humanidade, muitas vezes normalizada e relativizada, tanto pela sociedade, como pelo Direito e discurso mediático. A violência sexual traduz-se, então, nos abusos que afetam diretamente a liberdade e a autodeterminação das pessoas. Estes são os bens jurídicos protegidos pelos crimes sexuais no Código Penal português, o qual faz uma distinção quanto ao âmbito de proteção face aos adultos e jovens que, todavia, nos parece ser inútil. Os crimes sexuais associam-se à violência física, ainda que tal não seja já exigido pela lei penal. A Convenção de Istambul deu o mote às alterações legislativas que permitiram assentar os crimes sexuais no constrangimento e não na violência ou coação. Esta Convenção propôs-se a harmonizar as legislações penais dos vários países signatários, no sentido de alicerçar os crimes sexuais no consentimento. Ainda que o legislador não tenha introduzido o conceito de consentimento na lei penal, tem-se entendido que deve ser interpretado nesse sentido. A proposta do presente trabalho assenta na compreensão dos crimes sexuais como ilícitos nos quais não se verifica o consentimento da vítima e que, por isso, afetam a sua liberdade e autodeterminação sexuais. Seguimos o entendimento de que a grande parte dos crimes sexuais assenta no consentimento, embora apenas aprofundemos com maior detalhe os crimes de violação, coação sexual e abuso sexual de menores. Finalmente, apresentamos alguns critérios determinantes para a aferição da validade do consentimento, já que apenas o consentimento válido pode ser tido em consideração para a licitude da atuação em causa.

Gender violence concerns successive and permanent aggression that women suffer due to gender roles associated with womankind. Women are associated with passivity which magnifies men power, who had ownership over them. Violence against women is a reality almost as old as humanity, most times normalized and relativized, by society but also by the Law and the media speech. Sexual violence translates on the abuses that immediately affect sexual freedom and self-determination. These are the values protected by the sexual crimes in the Portuguese Penal Code, which makes a distinction regarding the scope of protection for adults and juveniles, that, however, seems to be futile. Sexual crimes are usually associated with physical violence, despite that not being required by the penal law. The Istanbul Convention set the tone to the legislative alterations for the signatory countries which enabled sexual crimes to be based on consent. Although the concept of consent was not inserted in the law, it has been interpreted as such. This paper aims to comprehend sexual crimes as criminal offenses in which the victim did not consent to, and therefore, injure their sexual freedom and self-determination. We perceive that most sexual offenses are based on consent, notwithstanding only delving in more detail rape, sexual coercion, and sexual abuse of minors. Lastly, we present determining criteria to assess the validity of the consent, whereas only valid consent can be considered for the lawfulness of the action in question.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Freedom, Teses de mestrado - 2023, Ciências Jurídico-Forenses, Autodeterminação, Convenção de Istambul, Self-determination, Gender violence, Consent, Violência de género, Liberdade, Consentimento, Sexual violence, Violência sexual, Istanbul Convention

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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