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Alterações quantitativas e qualitativas no perfil dos ácidos gordos da gordura do leite de vaca relacionadas com mudanças na dieta

Authors: Duarte, Vera Lúcia Gomes;

Alterações quantitativas e qualitativas no perfil dos ácidos gordos da gordura do leite de vaca relacionadas com mudanças na dieta

Abstract

Com o objectivo de avaliar as mudanças no perfil dos ácidos gordos (AG) da gordura do leite, foram seleccionadas 8 vacas na fase média da lactação, da raça Holstein. Efectuou-se uma transição do pastoreio, suplementado com 5 kg de concentrado (Período I), para uma dieta composta por 60% de silagem de milho e por 40% de concentrado, com base na matéria seca (MS), designada de ração completa de mistura (RCM) (Período II), retomando à dieta inicial no Período III. A colheita de amostras e as medições foram realizadas no último dia do Período III (dia 10) e nos dias 2, 4, 7, 15 e 21 dos Períodos II e III. A produção de leite e a ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) foram significativamente (P<0,001) mais elevadas no Período II, relativamente aos Períodos I e III. O teor butiroso (TB) decresceu significativamente (P<0,001) no Período II, enquanto o teor proteico (TP), a produção total de gordura (PG), a produção total de proteína (PP) e o peso vivo (PV), não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre períodos. No Período II (RCM) verificou-se um aumento extremamente rápido do conteúdo em ácidos gordos saturados (AGS), nomeadamente dos AG hipercolesterémicos (C12:0, C14:0 e C16:0) e do ácido linoleico, e um decréscimo dos ácidos gordos monoinsaturados (MUFA) e polinsaturados (PUFA), principalmente do ácido linolénico, do ácido trans-vacénico (TVA) e dos conjugados do ácido linoleico (CLA), principalmente o ácido ruménico (AR). No Período III, quando os animais voltaram para a pastagem, verificou-se a situação inversa. A concentração do AR aumentou de 0.85 g/100 g de AG totais no Período II (RCM), para 1.58 g/100 g de AG totais no Período III (pastoreio). O TVA demonstrou a mesma tendência, aumentando de 1.84 para 3.09 g/100 g de AG totais do Período II para o Período III.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects on milk composition of transition from fresh grass diet to a total mixed ration (TMR), and from TMR diet do fresh grass. The changes in milk fatty acid profile for eight Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were followed via analysis of milk samples collected on day 10 of Period I, and on days 2, 4, 7, 15 and 21 of Periods II and III. Animals were fed fresh grass supplemented with 5 kg of concentrate in Periods I and III, and with a TMR composed of 60% of maize silage and 40% of concentrate, in Period II. TMR feeding resulted in a significant (P<0,001) increase in milk production, as well as dry matter intake, compared with grass diet. Milk fat content decreased (P<0,001) with TMR diet, while, milk fat production, protein production, protein content and live weight, had no changes after transition. After the first transition, the unsaturated fatty acids increased, in particular C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0, as well as linoleic acid. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, with particular emphasis to trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), particularly, the rumenic acid. After the second transition, the opposite situation occurred. The concentration of rumenic acid almost doubled in Period III (1.58 g/100 g total fatty acids) compared with Period II (0.85 g/100 g total fatty acids). The TVA concentration also increased from 1.84 g/100 g total fatty acids in Period II, to 3.09 g/100 g total fatty acids, in Period III.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Gado Bovino Leiteiro, Nutrição Animal, Produção de Leite, Gordura do Leite

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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