
handle: 10400.26/60701
O Bisfenol A (BPA) é um monómero amplamente utilizado na produção de policarbonatos e resinas epóxi presentes em embalagens e utensílios de uso diário. Esta dissertação baseia-se numa revisão narrativa da literatura (2018–2024), conduzida em PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar e SciELO Brasil, centrada nos impactos toxicológicos do BPA no sistema reprodutivo, no desenvolvimento humano e no metabolismo. Particular ênfase foi dada ao eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal e à testosterona (função das células de Leydig), bem como a potenciais mecanismos de ação (atividade estrogénica/antiandrogénica, stress oxidativo, inflamação e alterações epigenéticas). Foram incluídos estudos epidemiológicos, experimentais in vivo e in vitro, bem como revisões sistemáticas e narrativas, privilegiando trabalhos recentes e metodologicamente robustos. A revisão evidencia associações entre a exposição ao BPA e disfunções reprodutivas em homens e mulheres, alterações no desenvolvimento fetal e infantil (incluindo neurodesenvolvimento), e maior risco cardiometabólico (obesidade e diabetes tipo 2). Foram também compilados dados sobre substitutos estruturais (BPS/BPF), cuja toxicidade tem sido reportada, sendo identificadas lacunas de conhecimento, limitações metodológicas e prioridades para investigação futura e saúde pública. Este trabalho corresponde a uma revisão bibliográfica e não envolveu recolha direta de dados em humanos ou animais.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer widely used in the production of polycarbonates and epoxy resins present in packaging and everyday utensils. This dissertation is based on a narrative literature review (2018–2024), conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SciELO Brazil, focusing on the toxicological impacts of BPA on the reproductive system, human development, and metabolism. Particular emphasis was placed on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and testosterone regulation (Leydig cell function), as well as on potential mechanisms of action (estrogenic/anti-androgenic activity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations). Epidemiological studies, in vivo and in vitro experimental research, as well as systematic and narrative reviews were included, prioritizing recent and methodologically robust works. This review highlights associations between BPA exposure and reproductive dysfunctions in men and women, alterations in fetal and childhood development (including neurodevelopment), and an increased cardiometabolic risk (obesity and type 2 diabetes). Data on structural substitutes (BPS/BPF) were also compiled, whose toxicity has been reported, and knowledge gaps, methodological limitations, and priorities for future research and public health were identified. This work is a bibliographic review and did not involve direct data collection in humans or animals.
Bisfenol A, Metabolismo, Disruptor endócrino, Reprodução
Bisfenol A, Metabolismo, Disruptor endócrino, Reprodução
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