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Estudo comparativo de diferentes protocolos terapêuticos utilizados no tratamento das fendas oro-faciais

Authors: Teyssonneyre, Manon;

Estudo comparativo de diferentes protocolos terapêuticos utilizados no tratamento das fendas oro-faciais

Abstract

As fendas oro-faciais são as malformações craniofaciais congénitas mais prevalentes a nível mundial. Afetam cerca de 1 em cada 700 nascimentos, apresentando uma grande variabilidade em termos de origem geográfica, grupos raciais e étnicos. As fendas surgem nos primeiros estádios do desenvolvimento embrionário devido a um defeito ou à fusão incompleta dos tecidos, sendo a sua etiologia predominantemente multifatorial, influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais. Os pacientes com fendas oro-faciais, para além das consequências físicas, podem sofrer de graves distúrbios da fala, audição, alimentação, anomalias maxilofaciais e problemas psicológicos, o que compromete significativamente a sua qualidade de vida. Por esse motivo, uma abordagem terapêutica multidisciplinar aliada a um acompanhamento contínuo ao longo do seu desenvolvimento, é crucial para abordar todas as características associadas aos pecientes portadores de fendas e garantir uma gestão global, visando a melhoria da vida dos pacientes. No entanto, esta abordagem não é consensual e varia em função do centro especializado no acompanhamento destes pacientes. De facto, embora os objetivos dos tratamentos sejam semelhantes para todos, ou seja, minimizar o impacto estético que estas malformações originam e reabilitar as funções eventualmente alteradas, a cronologia de intervenção e os métodos para atingir esses objetivos são diferentes. Esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivo comparar diferentes protocolos de tratamento utilizados na abordagem das fendas oro-faciais, à luz da maior evidência atual, a fim de analisar as características mais eficientes e as principais dificuldades associadas a cada um.

Orofacial clefts are the most prevalent congenital craniofacial malformations worldwide. They affect around 1 in 700 births and vary widely in terms of geographical origin, racial and ethnic groups. Clefts appear in the early stages of embryonic development due to a defect or incomplete fusion of tissues, and their aetiology is predominantly multifactorial, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the physical consequences, patients with orofacial clefts can suffer from serious speech, hearing and eating disorders, maxillofacial anomalies and psychological problems, which significantly compromise their quality of life. For this reason, a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach combined with continuous monitoring throughout their development is crucial in order to address all the characteristics associated with clefts and ensure overall management, with the aim of improving patients' lives. However, this approach is not consensual and varies depending on the centre specialising in the care of these patients. In fact, although the treatment objectives are the same for all, i.e. minimising the aesthetic impact of these malformations and rehabilitating any altered functions, the intervention timeline and methods for achieving these objectives are different. The aim of this narrative review is to compare the different treatment protocols used to treat orofacial clefts, in the light of the most up-to-date evidence, in order to analyse the most effective characteristics and the main difficulties associated with each one.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Fenda labial, Fenda palatina, Protocolo terapêutico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green