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Neurogénese no cérebro adulto

Authors: Guerra, Inês Machado Pureza;

Neurogénese no cérebro adulto

Abstract

Ramón y Cajal escreveu, em 1928, que “in the adult centers, the nerve paths are something fixed, ended and immutable. Everything may die, nothing may be generated.”. Este conceito tornou-se um dos principais dogmas da neurociência e, apesar de claras evidências o contestarem, a sua refutação veio a revelar-se uma tarefa imensamente árdua. Em 1960, Joseph Altman foi o primeiro a objectar esta teoria. Este sugeriu a ocorrência da neurogénese em determinadas regiões do cérebro adulto. Mais tarde, Kaplan e Hins confirmaram a existência de células estaminais neuronais (CEN) adultas. Apesar destas observações, diversos cientistas recusaram aceitar tal ideia revolucionária, o que levou a que apenas nos anos 90 se tenha eliminado por completo o há muito estabelecido dogma. A desmistificação da impossibilidade da geração de novos neurónios no cérebro adulto contribuiu para que a neurogénese no adulto se tornasse numa das temáticas mais estudadas da neurociência moderna. Hoje, sabe-se que a neurogénese continua a ocorrer no cérebro adulto, sendo conhecida a produção de novos neurónios em duas regiões restritas, a zona subventricular (ZSV) e a zona subgranular (ZSG) do giro denteado (GD) do hipocampo. Este trabalho de mestrado incide nos mecanismos de formação das CEN adultas e nas regiões onde se processa a neurogénese. Os processos neurogénicos que ocorrem nos nichos, factores regulatórios e alterações fisiopatológicas do sistema nervoso central (SNC) são tomados em consideração. Desvendam-se alguns dos mistérios da linhagem celular mais recentemente identificada, as células NG2. Finalmente, são abordados os aspectos clínicos da neurogénese e é brevemente discutido o potencial terapêutico das células estaminais.

Keywords

Glia radial, Neurogénese adulta, Células estaminais neuronais, Nichos neurogénicos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green