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Controlo de um robô autónomo através de redes neuronais

Authors: Pinto, Adriano Bessa;

Controlo de um robô autónomo através de redes neuronais

Abstract

Neste trabalho pretende-se introduzir os conceitos associados às redes neuronais e a sua aplicação no controlo de sistemas, neste caso na área da robótica autónoma. Foi utilizado um AGV de modo a testar experimentalmente um controlo através de uma rede neuronal artificial. A grande vantagem das redes neuronais artificiais é estas poderem ser ensinadas a funcionarem como se pretende. A partir desta caraterística foram efetuadas duas abordagens na implementação do AGV disponibilizado. A primeira abordagem ensinava a rede neuronal a funcionar como o controlo por lógica difusa que foi implementado no AGV aquando do seu desenvolvimento. A segunda abordagem foi ensinar a rede neuronal artificial a funcionar a partir de dados retirados de um controlo remoto simples implementado no AGV. Ambas as abordagens foram inicialmente implementadas e simuladas no MATLAB, antes de se efetuar a sua implementação no AGV. O MATLAB é utilizado para efetuar o treino das redes neuronais multicamada proactivas através do algoritmo de treino por retropropagação de Levenberg-Marquardt. A implementação de uma rede neuronal artificial na primeira abordagem foi implementada em três fases, MATLAB, posteriormente linguagem de programação C no computador e por fim, microcontrolador PIC no AGV, permitindo assim diferenciar o desenvolvimento destas técnicas em várias plataformas. Durante o desenvolvimento da segunda abordagem foi desenvolvido uma aplicação Android que permite monitorizar e controlar o AGV remotamente. Os resultados obtidos pela implementação da rede neuronal a partir do controlo difuso e do controlo remoto foram satisfatórios, pois o AGV percorria os percursos testados corretamente, em ambos os casos. Por fim concluiu-se que é viável a aplicação das redes neuronais no controlo de um AGV. Mais ainda, é possível utilizar o sistema desenvolvido para implementar e testar novas RNA.

This paper aims to introduce the concepts associated with neural networks and its application in control systems, in this case in the field of autonomous robotics. An AGV was used in order to test experimentally the control by an artificial neural network (ANN). The major advantage of neural networks is that they can be taught to work as intended. From this feature were taken two approaches in implementing the AGV control. In the first, the AGV was taught to perform like the control by fuzzy logic that was previously developed. The second approach taught the ANN to work from data taken from a simple remote control system. Both approaches were initially implemented and simulated in MATLAB, prior to making its implementation in the AGV. The MATLAB was used to perform the training of multilayer feedforward neural networks by using the backpropagation algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt. The implementation of the ANN was implemented in three stages, MATLAB, then in the C programming language and, finally, in the PIC microcontroller on the AGV, thus illustrating the development of these techniques in multiple platforms. During the development of the second approach was developed an Android application that allows to monitor and remotely control the AGV. The results obtained by the implementation of the neural network from the previously implemented fuzzy control and by the remote control were satisfactory since the AGV performed the paths properly. Finally it may be concluded that it is feasible the application of neural networks to control an AGV. Moreover, it is possible to use the developed system to implement and test new ANNs.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Artificial neural network, MATLAB, AGV, Android, Rede neuronal artificial

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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