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Custo histórico versus justo valor

Authors: Sousa, Alberto Pinto de;

Custo histórico versus justo valor

Abstract

Com os recentes progressos no mundo contabilístico e a aplicação de um novo sistema de normalização contabilística em Portugal, têm emergido várias mudanças. A globalização da economia tem influenciado os sistemas contabilísticos nacionais, em virtude da necessidade de adaptação destes às normas internacionais de contabilidade (NIC), como forma de garantir uma maior coerência e comparabilidade da informação a nível internacional. Com a introdução destas normas o justo valor (Fair Value) ganha importância na valorização de certos activos específicos, em detrimento da valorização pelo custo histórico. O conjunto completo das Demonstrações Financeiras das empresas, tem sido utilizado como a principal fonte de recolha de dados para estudos empíricos, que analisam a divulgação da informação sobre responsabilidade social, uma vez que são consideradas como o mais importante instrumento utilizado pelas entidades para comunicar com os stakeholders.1 Os elementos que compõem a informação financeira têm sofrido aperfeiçoamento quanto ao modelo de valorimetria dos factos patrimoniais, resultando em alterações das bases de mensuração dos elementos constantes do Balanço, e da Demonstração dos Resultados, consoante esta seja a Custo Histórico ou a Justo Valor, dado que subsistem condições que fazem com que estes dois modelos valorimétricos evidenciem realidades económicas desiguais. Pelas razões supra citadas, propomo-nos nesta dissertação contribuir para clarificar os factos económicos que estão na base desta divergência de valor, e se é necessário modificar o referencial valorativo, de forma a transmitir uma “imagem fiel” desses elementos patrimoniais em momentos diferentes de tempo.

With the recent advances in the world of accounting and the implementation of a new system of accounting standard setters in Portugal, several changes have emerged. The globalization of the economy has influenced national accounting systems, in view of the need to adapt to international accounting standards (IAS) as a way to ensure greater coherence and comparability of information at international level. With the introduction of these standards the fair value (Fair Value) gain importance in the valuation of certain specific assets, to the detriment of the historical cost recovery. The complete set of financial statements of companies has been used as the primary source for collecting data for empirical studies that analyze the dissemination of information about social responsibility, since they are considered the most important instrument used to communicate with stakeholders. The elements that comprise the financial reporting have suffered improvement regarding the valuation model of patrimonial facts, resulting in changes of measurement bases the particulars appearing in the balance sheet and income statement, as this is the Historical Cost or Fair Value, given that there are conditions that cause these two valuation models showing unequal economic realities. For the reasons set out above, we propose in this dissertation help to clarify the economic facts behind this divergence of value, and if you must modify the referential value, so as to convey a " faithful image" of these assets in different moments of time.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Contabilidade, Justo valor

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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