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Prevalência de resistência a antimicrobianos em isolados ambientais de Escherichia coli e enterococos

Authors: Martins, Ana Filipa;

Prevalência de resistência a antimicrobianos em isolados ambientais de Escherichia coli e enterococos

Abstract

A água é um recurso escasso e indispensável à vida, podendo ser um importante veículo de microrganismos patogénicos com origem fecal. A matéria fecal é também uma fonte de microrganismos resistentes a antimicrobianos e contribui para a sua disseminação e dos seus genes de resistência no ambiente e entre as comunidades microbianas comensais e microrganismos patogénicos humanos e animais. A qualidade microbiológica da água é monitorizada recorrendo à utilização de bioindicadores como Escherichia coli, enterococos e microrganismos totais. O presente estudo apresentou como principal objetivo determinar a prevalência de ESBLs e AmpCs e ainda avaliar a prevalência de estirpes de enterococos com resistência à vancomicina (VRE) em águas do rio Douro e da orla costeira da cidade do Porto. As amostragens de água foram realizadas em quatro locais localizados no estuário do rio Douro e orla costeira da cidade do Porto entre o mês de Abril e Julho. A deteção e quantificação dos bioindicadores foram realizadas pelo método de filtração por membrana. A suscetibilidade das estirpes de E. coli e enterococos foi testada pelo método de difusão em disco relativamente a várias classes de antimicrobianos. As contagens microbianas mais elevadas foram determinadas entre Abril e Junho e em amostras de água doce. Foram isoladas 62 estirpes de E. coli e 49 estirpes de enterococos que apresentaram prevalências de resistência a antimicrobianos de 90,3% (56/62) e 83,7% (41/49), respetivamente. As estirpes de E. coli apresentaram altas frequências de resistência à ampicilina (74,2%) e tetraciclina (61,3%). Nestas estirpes verificou-se ainda fenótipos associados a multirresistência a um mínimo de três classes de antimicrobianos em 56,5% (35/62) dos isolados. Verificou-se que as estirpes de enterococos apresentaram altos níveis de resistência à rifampicina (34,7%) e azitromicina (40,8%), detetando-se ainda a manifestação de fenótipo de resistência à vancomicina em 26,5% das estirpes. Observou-se uma prevalência de 36,7% (18/49) de estirpes de enterococos associadas a fenómenos de multirresistência antimicrobiana. Ana Martins vi Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o rio Douro e orla costeira, bem como os ambientes aquáticos, constituem reservatórios de bactérias e genes de resistência a antimicrobianos e possuem um papel preponderante na sua disseminação.

Water is a scarce resource and essential to life that can be an important vehicle of pathogenic enteric bacteria. Fecal matter is also a source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and contributes to its spread and their resistance genes into the environment and among commensal communities and human and animal pathogenic bacteria. The microbiological quality of water is monitored by the use of fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci and total microorganisms. The main objective of this study has to determine the prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC in environmental isolates of E. coli and also evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains (VRE).from Douro river estuary and coastline of Oporto city. In the present study water samples were collected at four sites located in the Douro river estuary and coastline between April and July. The detection and quantification of biomarkers was performed by the filter membrane method. The susceptibility of strains of E. coli and enterococci was tested by the disk diffusion method to various classes of antimicrobials. The higher microbial counts were determined between April and June in freshwater samples. There were isolated 62 E. coli strains and 49 enterococci strains that showed 90,3% (56/62) and 83,7% (41/49) antimicrobial resistance, respectively. E.coli strains showed higher frequencies of resistance to ampicillin (74,2%) and tetracycline (61,3%). In these strains it was found phenotypes associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents in 56,5% (35/62) of the isolates. It has been found that enterococci strains showed high resistance levels to rifampicin (34,0%) and azithromycin (40,8%), and was detected the expression of vancomycin resistance phenotype in 26,5% of the strains. We found a prevalence of 36,7% (18/49) of enterococci strains associated with multidrug resistance phenomens. The results suggest that the Douro river and aquatic environments, constitute reservoirs of resistant bacteria and genes and have a leading role in their dissemination.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Bioindicadores contaminação fecal, Ambiente, Enterococos resistentes à vancomicina, Beta-lactamases espectro alargado, Fecal indicator bacteria, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Resistência antimicrobiana, Environment, Extended spectrum beta-lactamases, Antimicrobial resistance

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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