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handle: 10400.21/4335
Este trabalho visa a implementação prática de filtros e controladores digitais,comparando as suas respostas nos domínios contínuo e discreto. A grande evolução tecnológica nas últimas décadas, bem como as exigências de miniaturização, foram fatores decisivos que contribuíram para a mudança do processamento e controlo analógico para a forma digital. Neste trabalho são estudadas cadeias de aquisição de sinal envolvidas em funções de filtragem ou controlo, recorrendo à utilização de um Microcontrolador (MCU) com características especificas de Processador Digital de Sinal (DSP). Para a programação deste MCU apresentam-se diversos métodos de discretização,sendo avaliados os erros temporais associados aos mesmos e os seus limites de estabilidade. Em cada sistema a discretizar desenvolvem-se as equações às diferenças e os respetivos diagramas de fluxo de sinal, que possibilitam a programação do MCU em linguagem C. No final deste trabalho realiza-se a simulação dos filtros e controladores em estudo, recorrendo a software apropriado, tanto no domínio contínuo como discreto, e comparam-se os resultados com uma implementação prática dos mesmos.
Abstract: This thesis aims to the implementation of digital filters and controllers and its comparison in continue and discrete time domains. The great technology evolutions in the past decades, as well as the miniaturization demands, were determinative factors that contributed to the change of analog control and processing to the digital form. In this thesis, data acquisition systems are studied when used as filters or controllers, using a Microcontroller (MCU) with Digital Signal Processor (DSP) specific characteristics. In order to program this MCU, many discretization methods are presented. Temporal error and stability issues are shown, difference equations are also derived, as well as the corresponding flow diagrams, both useful to program the device in C language. At the end of this document, lies the simulation of the filters and controllers studiedusing a specific software, in both continuous and discrete domains, and a comparison with digital practical implementations.
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