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A energia das ondas e o seu aproveitamento

Authors: Couto, Denis Rafael Mendonça;

A energia das ondas e o seu aproveitamento

Abstract

As crises energéticas surgidas no decorrer do último século, incluindo a crise do petróleo, obrigaram o Homem a procurar cada vez mais fontes de energia alternativas e preferencialmente inesgotáveis. Desta situação, resultou uma forte aposta na exploração das fontes de energias renováveis, que são uma das principais alternativas para responder a um aumento de procura, e também, face às exigências de consumos actuais, beneficiando de ao se apostar numa energia limpa e renovável existir uma forte redução nos impactes ambientais que outras fontes de energia não apresentam. O aproveitamento dos recursos provenientes de fontes de energia renováveis para a produção de energia já existe há vários anos, e, em alguns casos, atingiram já um estado de maturidade considerável, como é caso da energia eólica. Em comparação, o mesmo já não acontece com a energia das ondas. Embora o oceano apresente um recurso com enorme potencial para ser explorado, incluindo as ondas e correntes oceânicas, os dispositivos tecnológicos necessários para a exploração deste recurso encontram-se maioritariamente ainda em fase experimental, havendo casos pontuais que atingiram a fase pré-comercial. Assim, não existe até à data um dispositivo padrão para a exploração da energia das ondas em grande escala, contrariamente ao que acontece com a energia eólica. Para esta situação, contribuiu o elevado número de dispositivos patenteados para a exploração da energia das ondas, nenhum deles com vantagens significativas relativamente a outros, e também, devido ao facto de a exploração deste tipo de energia não poder ser feito de igual modo na costa ou a muitos quilómetros dela. Na presente dissertação são apresentados alguns dos principais dispositivos existentes para a extracção de energia proveniente das ondas oceânicas, com especial atenção para os dispositivos de coluna de água oscilante.

The energetic crisis that occurred during the last century, including the oil crisis, forced Man to search for more alternative energy sources and preferably inexhaustible ones. From this situation resulted a strong bet on renewable energysources exploration, which are one of the main alternatives to respond to the increased demand and also to meet the requirements of the current energy consumption. When betting in a cleanand renewable energy we benefit from a stronger reduction in environmental impact that other energy sources do not provide. The exploitation of the resources from renewable energy sources for power production have been around for years and in some cases, reached a considerable maturity state, like wind power, however, the same cannot be said about wave power. Although the ocean provides a resource with enormous potential to be explored, including the waves and ocean currents, the necessary technological devices for the explorationof this resource are still in its majority in experimental stage nevertheless there are some cases where the pre-commercial stage was reached. This way, so far, there is no standard device for the exploitation of wave power in large scale, contrary to what happens with wind power. For this situation contributes the fact of the high number of patented devices for wave power, none with significant advantage when comparing with other devices, and also, the fact that the exploitation of this kind of energy cannot be done equally on the coast or many miles from it. In this dissertation are presented some of the mainexisting devices for the extraction of energy from oceanic waves, with special attention on the oscillating water column devices.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Conversores de energia de ondas, Renewable energy, Energia das ondas, Ondas gravíticas de superfície, Wave energy, Surface gravity waves, Linear wave theory, Energias renováveis, Oscillating water column, Teoria linear das ondas gravíticas de superfície, Coluna de água oscilante, Wave energy converters

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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