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Qualidade do Ar Interior em Estabelecimentos de Ensino no Douro Sul

Authors: Clemêncio, Rui Amândio de Figueiredo;

Qualidade do Ar Interior em Estabelecimentos de Ensino no Douro Sul

Abstract

A investigação sobre a Qualidade do Ar Interior (QAI) é uma questão fundamental, pois atualmente as pessoas passam cerca de 90% do seu dia em ambientes interiores. Também as crianças, passam grande parte do seu dia em ambientes fechados, concretamente nos estabelecimentos de ensino, pelo que é fundamental caraterizar a contaminação existente nesses espaços, os diversos poluentes e a relação entre os predominantes no meio envolvente e no interior das escolas. Esta dissertação resulta da análise da QAI e parâmetros de conforto, concretamente, a Temperatura, Humidade Relativa, CO2, NO2, PM10 e PM2,5, medidos em espaços de estabelecimentos de ensino, localizados em municípios do interior norte de Portugal. Foram estudados sete edifícios correspondendo a dezoito espaços monitorizados, tendo-se observado que, em todas as salas de aula, a concentração de CO2 apresentou valores superiores ao limiar de proteção definido no Regulamento de Desempenho Energético dos Edifícios de Comércio e Serviços. Verificando-se uma relação direta da sua concentração de CO2 com a presença dos alunos no interior dos espaços, aumentando ao longo do período de permanência no interior, não se verificando, na maior parte das salas estudadas, o efeito da ventilação (natural ou forçada) no decréscimo da mesma durante os períodos de permanência, mas apenas nas interrupções. Também se observou uma relação direta da temperatura interior com a temperatura ambiente do exterior. Foi também analisada a qualidade do ar ambiente tendo-se verificado que a qualidade do ar junto dos estabelecimentos de ensino, foi boa o que permitiria uma renovação do ar interior com o ar exterior sem afetar a qualidade do ar interior com poluentes atmosféricos provenientes de fontes exteriores, concretamente, NO2, O3, PM10 e PM2,5. Esta investigação alerta para o mau estado de manutenção dos sistemas de climatização dos estabelecimentos de ensino, assim como para uma inadequada ventilação dos espaços interiores. Salientando também, que nos estabelecimentos escolares que se localizam em áreas com as características da área estudada, em que se verifica normalmente uma qualidade do ar exterior boa, a renovação com ar ambiente exterior pode ser realizado sem a necessidade do tratamento do ar exterior. Estas ações, bem como a criação de espaços com um dimensionamento adequado, são fundamentais para a criação de ambientes saudáveis, que promovam a saúde e o bem-estar dos ocupantes.

Research into Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a fundamental issue, as people currently spend around 90% of their day indoors. Children also spend a large part of their day indoors, specifically in educational establishments, so it is essential to characterize the existing contamination in these spaces, the various pollutants and the relationship between those prevalent in the environment and inside schools. This dissertation is the result of an analysis of IAQ and comfort parameters, specifically temperature, relative humidity, CO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5, measured in educational establishments located in municipalities in the north of Portugal. Seven buildings were studied, corresponding to eighteen monitored spaces, and it was observed that in all classrooms the CO2 concentration was higher than the protection threshold defined in the Energy Performance Regulations for Commercial and Service Buildings. There was a direct relationship between the concentration of CO2 and the presence of students inside the rooms, which increased over the period of time they were inside. In most of the rooms studied, there was no effect of ventilation (natural or forced) on the decrease in CO2 concentration during periods of permanence, but only during interruptions. There was also a direct relationship between the indoor temperature and the ambient temperature outside. The ambient air quality was also analyzed and it was found that the air quality near the educational establishments was good, which would allow the indoor air to be renewed with the outdoor air without affecting the indoor air quality with atmospheric pollutants from outside sources, specifically NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5. This research highlights the poor state of maintenance of the air conditioning systems in educational establishments, as well as inadequate ventilation of indoor spaces. It should also be pointed out that in schools located in areas with the characteristics of the area studied, where there is normally good outdoor air quality, renovation with outdoor air can be carried out without the need for outdoor air treatment. These actions, as well as the creation of appropriately sized spaces, are fundamental to creating healthy environments that promote the health and well-being of the occupants.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Indoor Air Quality, Northern Portugal and Atmospheric Pollutants, Norte de Portugal e Poluentes, Estabelecimentos de Ensino, Qualidade do Ar Interior, Atmosféricos, Educational Establishments

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green