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Impressão 3D e direito de autor

3D Printing and Copyright
Authors: Rocha, Maria Victória;

Impressão 3D e direito de autor

Abstract

As tecnologias de impressão 3D revolucionam as formas de produção e de consumo, fazendo-nos entrar numa era totalmente diferente, que terá o seu auge no make it yourself, hoje já possível em alguma medida, mas com potencialidade para um crescimento exponencial. A par com outros desenvolvimentos da era digital, a impressão 3D contribui decisivamente para a 4.ª Revolução Industrial. As empresas produzem já objectos a pedido, próximo da distribuição e consumo, sem os custos e riscos do transporte e armazenamento. Os consumidores podem ter acesso imediato aos objectos impressos em 3D, ou fazê-los eles próprios. A tecnologia 3D coloca várias questões em matéria de Propriedade Intelectual e Industrial. Neste texto introdutório pretendemos analisar apenas algumas questões relacionadas com os direitos de autor. Em especial, procuramos saber em que medida as obras realizadas com recurso a estas tecnologias podem ser consideradas obras protegidas, quais as eventuais infracções que elas possibilitam, nomeadamente através das plataformas de arquivos CAD/BIM contendo obras protegidas, que possibilidades existem para atenuar as violações e quais as utilizações livres. Pretendemos ainda dar conta dos vários intervenientes no mercado 3D e das relações que estabelecem entre si, com particular relevo para o movimento dos makers e seus efeitos no panorama industrial existente.

The various technologies of 3D printing revolutionize the forms of production and consumption, making us enter a totally different era, which will have its culmination in “Make it yourself”, now possible in some measure, but with potential for exponential growth. This contributes to the 4th Industrial Revolution. Companies already produce objects on demand, close to distribution and consumption, without the costs and risks of transportation and storage. Consumers can have immediate access to objects printed in 3D, or make them themselves. 3D printing poses several issues to Intellectual Property. In this introductory text we intend to analyze only a few issues related to Copyright. In particular, the extent to which works carried out using these technologies can be considered as protected works, what infringements may make possible, in particular through CAD / BIM file platforms, the possibilities of mitigating infringements and the free uses. We also intend to give an account of the various players in the 3D market and the relations they establish with each other, with particular emphasis on the makers movement and their effects on the existing manufacturers.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Protection measures, Makers movement, Direito de autor, Obra protegida, Violação de direitos morais e patrimoniais de autor, Usos livres, Impressão 3D, Infringement of moral and patrimonial copyrights, Movimento dos makers, 3D printing, Copyright protected work, Medidas de protecção, Free uses

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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