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Direito à democracia e direito internacional

Authors: Corrêa, Patrícia Estácio de Lima;

Direito à democracia e direito internacional

Abstract

This paper proposes a reflection on the potential rise of the said right to democracy as a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens), particularly for its intrinsic connection with the principle of self-determination of peoples, listed as jus cogens on the non-exhaustive list of the UN International Law Commission Report (A/74/10), and for the fulfillment, by the right in question, of the criteria listed in the referred Report. To this end, the issue of the absence of a universal concept of what democracy is and its delimitation for the purposes of the research was addressed, having being explained the existence - although not unanimous - of a right to democracy. In addition, the reasons why democracy is argued to be a necessary condition for the exercise of the already established right to self-determination of peoples are listed. From there, an analysis of the aforementioned UN Report followed, which defines the criteria for the recognition of imperative norms of general international law. We then proceeded to analyze such criteria in order to determine their applicability to democracy: whether, in fact, it constitutes a norm of general international law and whether, from there, it would be evolving towards becoming peremptory. The conclusion is that there are many elements that can support the classification of democracy as a norm of general international law and that, as indicated by the characteristics of the right to democracy in relation to the criteria listed by the Commission, as well as other indications and, still, the evolution of other jus cogens norms, the right to democracy seems to move towards becoming a peremptory norm of general international law.

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a possível evolução do dito direito à democracia como norma imperativa de direito internacional geral (jus cogens), em especial pela ligação intrínseca ao direito da autodeterminação dos povos, elencado como jus cogens na lista – não-exaustiva – do Relatório da Comissão de Direito Internacional da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) A/74/10, bem como pela análise dos critérios elencados no referido Relatório. Para tanto, foi abordada a questão da ausência de um conceito universal do que seja democracia e a sua delimitação para os fins da pesquisa, tendo sido explicitada a existência – ainda que não unânime –, de um direito à democracia. Ademais, foram elencadas as razões pelas quais defende-se que a democracia seja condição necessária ao exercício do já consagrado direito à autodeterminação dos povos. A partir daí, seguiu-se uma análise do mencionado Relatório da ONU, que define os critérios para o reconhecimento de normas imperativas de direito internacional geral. Passou-se, então, à análise de tais critérios a fim de determinar se são aplicáveis à democracia: se, de fato, constitui norma de direito internacional geral e se, daí, estaria evoluindo no sentido de tornar-se imperativa. A conclusão é de que há muitos elementos que podem embasar a classificação da democracia como norma de direito internacional geral e que, ao que indicam as características do direito à democracia em relação aos critérios elencados pela Comissão, bem como outros indícios e, ainda, a evolução de outras normas jus cogens, o direito à democracia parece seguir no sentido de se tornar uma norma imperativa de direito internacional geral.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Democracia, Evolução, Evolution, Jus cogens, Autodeterminação, Reconhecimento, Acknowledgement, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Direito, Self-determination, Democracy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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