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Consulta de enfermagem domiciliária

Domiciliary nursing consultation
Authors: Pinto, Marco Aurélio Ferreira;

Consulta de enfermagem domiciliária

Abstract

A mudança do perfil demográfico da população portuguesa conduziu a uma alteração significativa no ambiente em que se desenvolve a prestação de cuidados de saúde. O envelhecimento demográfico trouxe um aumento do número de pessoas com doenças crónico-degenerativas e de idosos com dependência funcional. Neste quadro, a família afirmou-se como um parceiro e um importante recurso dos serviços de saúde na prestação de cuidados a idosos com défice no auto cuidado. O domicílio é o local privilegiado para a prestação de cuidados a estes utentes e seus familiares, por proporcionar a possibilidade de avaliar e intervir sobre os fatores familiares, socioculturais e económicos, que influenciam o contexto e o resultado dos cuidados de enfermagem. No entanto, a prestação de cuidados no domicílio coloca o enfermeiro num ambiente de maior complexidade e imprevisibilidade assim como perante a necessidade de assumir um conjunto de papéis mais abrangente. O presente relatório descreve de forma sucinta e reflexiva, o percurso de construção de competências específicas para a intervenção especializada em enfermagem comunitária e no domínio da investigação científica. Para efetuar o diagnóstico de saúde, realizamos um estudo descritivo transversal, com o objetivo de estudar os idosos admitidos pela equipa de cuidados continuados integrados e os seus prestadores de cuidados. Os principais problemas encontrados foram as quedas (50% dos idosos caíram no último ano), a sobrecarga do prestador de cuidados (57% apresentavam sobrecarga elevada e 43% sobrecarga moderada) e a intervenção de enfermagem no domicílio. Nomeadamente, percecionamos que a utilização sistemática de escalas validadas para a população portuguesa permitiria uniformizar e alargar o âmbito da avaliação que os enfermeiros fazem dos idosos dependentes e dos seus cuidadores. Após a determinação de prioridades, através da comparação por pares, emergiu como prioritária a necessidade de sistematizar a intervenção de enfermagem no domicílio. Planeamos o projeto de intervenção comunitária ―Consulta de Enfermagem Domiciliária‖, que englobava objetivos e estratégias a curto, médio e longo prazo. As estratégias implementadas passaram pela realização de formação sobre a avaliação e intervenção de enfermagem ao idoso dependente e ao seu cuidador, tendo-se registado um ganho de 13% no conhecimento dos enfermeiros. Foram ainda elaborados cartazes com o intuito de informar a população em geral sobre o papel do enfermeiro na prevenção das úlceras de pressão e na redução das idas à urgência do dependente. Como estratégia de médio prazo definimos a elaboração de um Manual de Boas Práticas para a Consulta de Enfermagem Domiciliária, que sirva de referência a todos os enfermeiros. A longo prazo, previmos a replicação do estudo inicial, como forma de avaliar o impacto da implementação do projeto de intervenção e o estabelecimento de um protocolo de articulação com o centro hospitalar de referência, relativo à transferência de vítimas de acidente vascular cerebral para o domicílio. Após a implementação do Projeto de Intervenção Comunitária, o ACeS assumiu a necessidade uniformizar procedimentos nesta área de prestação de cuidados, tendo realizado a divulgação deste trabalho a todos os profissionais e iniciado a elaboração do Manual de Boas Práticas da Consulta de Enfermagem Domiciliária

The changing demographic profile of the Portuguese population has led to a significant change in the environment in which it develops the provision of health care. The aging population has brought an increase in the number of people with chronic degenerative diseases and older people with functional dependency. In this context, family has established itself as a partner and an important feature of health care services providing care for the elderly with deficit in self-care. Home is the privileged place for the care of these patients and their families as it provides the ability to assess and intervene in family, socio-cultural and economic factors that influence the context and the outcome of nursing care. However, the provision of home care puts nurses in an environment with greater complexity and unpredictability as well as before the need to take on a more comprehensive set of roles. This report describes succinctly and in a reflective way, the route of building specific skills for specialized intervention in community nursing, as in the field of scientific research. To make the health diagnosis, we conducted a cross-sectional study, in order to characterize the sample of patients and carers admitted for continuous integrated care team. The main problems found were related to falls (50% of the elder fell last year), burden of the caregiver (57% presented high burden and 43% moderate burden) and nursing intervention at home. In particular, we realized that the systematic use of validated scales for the Portuguese population would standardize and extend the scope of evaluation that nurses make of dependent elderly and their caregivers. After determining priorities by pair-wise comparison, emerged as a priority the need to systematize the domiciliary nursing intervention. We planned the community intervention project "Domiciliary Nursing Consultation". The project encompassed goals and strategies in the short, medium and long term. The strategies implemented have gone through the holding of a training event, which presented topics related to evaluation and nursing intervention to the dependent elderly and their caregivers. In the assessment of this gathering, there was a gain of 13% in the knowledge of nurses about the dimensions to address the domiciliary nursing consultation. There were also prepared two posters in order to inform the general public about the role of nurses in the prevention of pressure ulcers and in reducing the dependent visits to the hospital emergency. As a medium-term strategy, we defined the elaboration of a Good Practice Guide for the Domiciliary Nursing Consult, which may constitute a reference for all nurses. In a long term, we predicted the replication of the initial study in order to assess the impact of implementation of the intervention project and to establish a joint protocol with the reference hospital center on the discharge of stroke victims. After the implementation of the community intervention project, health service leaders took the need to standardize procedures in this area of care, having performed the dissemination of this work to all professionals and initiated the preparation of the Good Practice Guide for the Domiciliary Nursing Consult.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Aging, Prestador de cuidados, Envelhecimento, Idoso, Dependency, Community Nursing, Caregiver, Autonomia, Elderly, Enfermagem comunitária, Autonomy, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Dependência

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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