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A solidão em doentes oncológicos em fase terminal : um estudo de caso

Authors: Paulo, Ana Cristina Marques;

A solidão em doentes oncológicos em fase terminal : um estudo de caso

Abstract

Introdução: A solidão é um sentimento subjetivo e desagradável, relacionado com a ausência de relações sociais que satisfaçam as necessidades dos indivíduos. Este sentimento está presente nos doentes oncológicos em fase terminal e resulta de diversos fatores como alterações físicas causadas pela doença, dificuldades na comunicação, diminuição de contactos sociais, representação social do cancro e apoio disponível. Nestes doentes a solidão pode ser fator de sofrimento, tendo consequências a nível emocional, psicológico, comportamental e espiritual. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é compreender de que forma a solidão é experienciada por doentes oncológicos em fase terminal, identificando fatores motivadores, dimensões e estratégicas utilizadas pelos doentes para lidar com esse sentimento. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de caso, utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa. A recolha de dados foi realizada entre Julho e Setembro de 2013, através da consulta de documentação, observação e aplicação do instrumento de recolha de dados construído. No tratamento dos dados recolhidos foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Resultados e Discussão: No caso estudado concluímos que o sentimento de solidão está associado às mudanças provocadas pela evolução da doença, sobretudo alterações nas rotinas e papéis dentro da família, diminuição dos contactos sociais, aumento da incapacidade física e do grau de dependência. Estão presentes as dimensões social e espiritual da solidão, pela inexistência de uma rede alargada de relações sociais e pela confrontação com a morte. As consequências da solidão estão relacionadas com sentimentos de resignação, inutilidade, revolta, entorpecimento, imobilização, desinteresse e desinvestimento. Destaca-se a importância da relação próxima com os familiares enquanto estratégia para lidar com a solidão. Conclusão: O principal contributo deste estudo é alertar para a problemática da solidão nos doentes oncológicos em fase terminal e para a necessidade de avaliar e intervir de forma a prevenir e/ou atenuar esse sentimento, e assim contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes, objetivo central dos Cuidados Paliativos.

Introduction: Loneliness is a subjective and unpleasant feeling, related to the absence of social relations that meet the needs of individuals. This feeling is present in terminally ill cancer patients and results from factors such as physical changes caused by the disease, difficulties in communication, reduced social contacts, social representation of cancer and support available. In these patients loneliness may be a factor of suffering, with emotional, psychological, behavioral and spiritual consequences. Objective: The aim of this study is to understand how loneliness is experienced by terminally ill cancer patients, identifying the motivating factors, dimensions and strategies used by patients to deal with this feeling. Material and Methods: We conducted a case study, using a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted between July and September 2013, through documentation consultation, observation and application of the instrument for data collection purpose built. In the data collected was used content analysis. Results and Discussion: In the case studied we conclude that the feeling of loneliness is associated with changes caused by the disease, especially changes in routines and roles within the family, reduced social contacts, increased disability and degree of dependency. Are present the social and spiritual dimensions of loneliness, by the lack of an extensive network of social relations and the confrontation with death. The consequences of loneliness in this case are related to feelings of resignation, worthlessness, anger, numbness, immobilization, disinterest and disinvestment. It stands out the importance of the close relationship with the family as a strategy to deal with loneliness. Conclusion: The main contribution of this study is to draw attention to the problem of loneliness in terminally ill cancer patients and the need to assess and intervene in order to prevent and / or alleviate this feeling, and thus contribute to improving the quality of life of patients, central aim of Palliative Care.

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Keywords

Doença oncológica, Loneliness, Palliative care, Solidão, Fase terminal, Terminal cancer, Cuidados paliativos, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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