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O diário de Etty Hillesum (1941-1942) : Uma leitura dos mecanismos de defesa

Authors: Pita, Nélio;

O diário de Etty Hillesum (1941-1942) : Uma leitura dos mecanismos de defesa

Abstract

O trabalho tem por objectivo analisar o Diário (1941-1942) da jovem judia, Etty Hillesum, que morreu em Auschwitz, em Novembro de 1943. Inserida num ambiente apocalíptico, Etty deixa transparecer as tensões do seu mundo numa linguagem considerada profunda e rica, mas cujo estudo psicológico está ainda por fazer. A fluidez do texto em estudo é, por si, reveladora de uma espontaneidade própria de um Diário. O pensamento passa directamente para o papel sem estar demasiado condicionado pela censura de um apertado filtro (o Superego) reflectindo, por isso, com notável sinceridade, aspectos íntimos da autora, as suas dúvidas e análises, os seus propósitos e ideais, os seus conflitos e receios. Reflecte a imagem de si e de outros, sua labilidade emocional e, sobretudo, a evolução psicológica na fase última de vida. Deste modo, a leitura do Diário permite-nos aceder à realidade subjectiva da autora. Entre outros aspectos, procuramos compreender a função da escrita, como arma e forma de resistência contra o horror que a rodeava. Por outro lado, tentamos perceber as motivações inconscientes daquela que rejeitou desempenhar o papel de vítima. Com que atitude enfrentou uma «situação extrema», situação que não escolheu, mas da qual também não procurou escapar? Partindo de pressupostos teóricos do modelo psicanalítico e recorrendo a um método de análise qualitativa, o trabalho centra-se, fundamentalmente, na compreensão dos mecanismos defensivos subjacentes à forma peculiar de actuar daquela que é um testemunho vivo de umas das maiores tragédias da nossa história.

This work tries to analyze the Diary (1941-1942) written by the young Jewish woman, Etty Hillesum, who died in Auschwitz in November 1943. Immersed in an apocalyptical environment, Etty shows the tensions of her world in a language both rich and profound. But its psychological study has yet to be made. The fluidity of the text is enough to reveal a spontaneity pertaining to a Diary. The ideas flow and appear in the paper without being submitted to a tight filter (Superego) showing with remarkable sincerity the inner world of the author, her doubts and her analysis, her aims and her ideals, her conflicts and fear. It reflects her and other people images, her emotional liability and chiefly her psychological evolution in the last phase of her life. Therefore, by reading the Diary we become capable of understanding the subjective reality of the author. Among other aspects, we try to understand the role of writing as a weapon or a means of resisting the horror surrounding her. On the other hand, we try to understand the subconscious motivations of someone who rejected the role of victim. How did she face an «extreme situation» she didn’t choose but one she didn’t try to flee from? Based on the theoretical psychoanalytic models and using the qualitative methodology, the work try to define the defensive mechanism underlying the peculiar way of a woman who is a living witness of one of the most tragic events in our history.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Defensive mechanism, Holocaust, Literature, Holocausto, God, Literatura, Etty Hillesum, Mecanismos de defesa, Deus

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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