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Dogwhistles, implicaturas conversacionais e atos de fala

Authors: Squizzato, Fernando Luiz;

Dogwhistles, implicaturas conversacionais e atos de fala

Abstract

Esta tese analisa o fenômeno dos dogwhistles e como eles se interrelacionam com noções pragmáticas centrais como as de atos de fala e implicaturas conversacionais, sendo este fenômeno comunicativo de enorme relevância atual (entre outros, como o discurso de ódio, por exemplo) suscetível de ser analisado por meio dessas ferramentas pragmáticas. Pressuporemos aqui também, de certa forma, o papel que os dogwhistles desempenham e as implicações que têm na esfera social. Os dogwhistles, que constituem uma forma de comunicação implícita, são veiculados por enunciados que permitem interpretações duplas, alcançando de modo diferenciado audiências específicas e gerais com suas mensagens veladas. Este estudo não aborda o fenômeno em vários contextos comunicativos relevantes - do entretenimento à socio-política. Tais contextos (alguns canônicos e outros não) formam a base de exemplos do fenómeno a ser analisado no presente trabalho. Utilizando estratégias de explicação de caráter pragmático, baseadas no conceito griceano de implicatura e na noção, pioneiramente proposta por Austin, de atos de fala, buscamos investigar sob quais destes mecanismos os dogwhistles podem estar a operar, quer seja na sua variante intencional quer, mesmo, na não-intencional. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de ter presente que os dogwhistles são fortemente dependentes de ressentimentos sociais e raciais pré-existentes, terreno fértil para a manipulação das percepções e do comportamento das audiências-alvo – e, consequentemente, para o reforço de hierarquias sociais e ideologias negativas de caráter divisionista. Ao final, através do auxílio das ferramentas e análises citadas acima, acompanhadas de uma reflexão breve sobre a significação ética e social desta forma de discurso manipulativo, é possível concluir da necessidade de uma maior conscientização das práticas que envolvem o uso de dogwhistles para mitigar o seu potencial impacto nefasto.

This thesis analyzes the phenomenon of dogwhistles and how they relate to central pragmatic notions such as speech acts and conversational implicatures,since this communicative phenomenon of enormous current relevance (among others, such as hate speech, for example) can be analysed by means of these pragmatic tools. We will also assume here, to a certain extent, the role that dogwhistles play and the implications they have in the social sphere. Dogwhistles, which constitute a form of implicit communication, are conveyed by utterances that allow for dual interpretations, reaching both specific and general audiences differently with their veiled messages. This study looks at the phenomenon in various relevant communicative contexts – from entertainment to socio-politics. Such contexts (some canonical and some not) form the basis of provide the basis for examples of the phenomenon to be analyzed in the present work. By using pragmatic explanatory strategies based on the concepts mentioned above, we seek to investigate which of these mechanisms dogwhistles may be operating under, either in their intentional or unintentional variants. We emphasise the need to bear in mind that dogwhistles are strongly dependent on pre-existing social and racial resentments in order to manipulate public perception and behavior, while reinforcing social hierarchies and negative ideologies of a divisive nature. In closing, through the help of the analytic tools mentioned above, accompanied by a brief reflection on the ethical and social significance of this form of manipulative discourse, we point to the need for greater awareness of the practices that involve the use of dogwhistles in order to mitigate their potentially harmful impact.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Implicaturas conversacionais, Dogwhistles, Atos de fala, Comunicação implícita

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green