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La tutela multinivel del principio ne bis in idem: sus efectos en la relación entre el procedimiento tributario sancionador y el proceso penal por delito fiscal en España e Italia

Authors: López Espejo, Julia;

La tutela multinivel del principio ne bis in idem: sus efectos en la relación entre el procedimiento tributario sancionador y el proceso penal por delito fiscal en España e Italia

Abstract

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis del principio ne bis in idem en el ámbito penal-tributario, concebido como un derecho fundamental del ciudadano y, al mismo tiempo, como un límite estructural al ejercicio del ius puniendi estatal. La investigación parte de la premisa de que este poder punitivo, aunque se manifiesta en dos vertientes —penal y administrativa—, constituye una unidad ontológica y funcional que debe ejercerse conforme a los principios del Estado de Derecho y bajo los estándares europeos de protección de los derechos y garantías, en particular, del contribuyente, en su condición de presunto infractor, a no incurrir en bis in idem. El trabajo examina, en primer lugar, los fundamentos dogmáticos y la configuración del ius puniendi único. A continuación, aborda la jurisprudencia europea, analizando el papel del TEDH y del TJUE en la delimitación de la prohibición de incurrir en bis in idem y destacando la consolidación de un estándar mínimo de protección. Posteriormente, contrasta este desarrollo europeo con la jurisprudencia interna española e italiana, señalando sus convergencias y divergencias en torno a dicho estándar común. Asimismo, se estudia la normativa penal y tributaria de ambos países, subrayando los mecanismos de articulación —y sus insuficiencias, desde la perspectiva del ne bis in idem— entre la vía penal y la vía administrativa sancionadora en los supuestos de delito fiscal. Los capítulos referidos vertebran, en fin, una investigación que toma como eje central la necesidad de garantizar un estándar europeo mínimo de protección común del principio ne bis in idem. El estudio demuestra que, sobre la base de aquel, los Estados miembros pueden hacer uso de dobles vías sancionadoras, penales y administrativas, si la duplicidad sancionadora conforma un «todo coherente, unitario y proporcionado». En esta línea, se formulan diversas propuestas de lege ferenda encaminadas a reforzar la coherencia y la legitimidad del sistema sancionador: la incorporación de reglas claras en la legislación tributaria sobre el traslado de pruebas, el establecimiento de plazos estrictos que garanticen la conexión temporal entre procedimientos y la previsión normativa de la «técnica del descuento». Se concluye que el respeto efectivo al principio exige una adecuada armonización entre los niveles nacional y europeo, así como una reforma legislativa clara y coherente que garantice un ejercicio unitario de la potestad sancionadora del poder público.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the ne bis in idem principle in the field of criminal tax law, conceived both as a fundamental right of the individual and as a structural limit on the exercise of the State’s ius puniendi. The research is based on the premise that this punitive power, although expressed in two forms —criminal and administrative—, constitutes an ontological and functional unity that must be exercised in accordance with the principles of the rule of law and under the European standards of fundamental rights protection. The study examines the dogmatic foundations and the configuration of the ius puniendi as a unified power. It then turns to European case law, analyzing the role of the ECtHR and the CJEU in delineating the prohibition of ne bis in idem and highlighting the consolidation of a minimum standard of protection. Subsequently, it contrasts this European development with Spanish and Italian domestic case law, underscoring their convergences and divergences in relation to that common standard. Furthermore, it analyzes the criminal and tax legislation of Spain and Italy, emphasizing the mechanisms of coordination—and their shortcomings, from the perspective of ne bis in idem—between the criminal track and the administrative sanctioning track in cases of tax offences. Taken together, these chapters form a study whose central focus is the need to guarantee a common European minimum standard of protection of the ne bis in idem principle. The analysis shows that Member States may resort to dual sanctioning tracks, criminal and administrative, provided that the overall duplicity of sanctions constitutes a «coherent, unitary and proportionate whole». On this basis, several lege ferenda proposals are advanced to reinforce the coherence and legitimacy of the sanctioning system: the incorporation of clear rules in tax legislation on the transfer of evidence, the establishment of strict time limits to ensure temporal connection between proceedings, and the codification of the offsetting mechanism. The study concludes that full respect for the principle requires both harmonization between national and European levels and a determined legislative reform ensuring a unitary and coherent exercise of the State’s sanctioning power.

Embargado hasta 27/01/2028.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Tutela multinivel, Tributario, Ne bis in idem, Procedimientos sancionadores

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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