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Sobre la necesidad de incorporar al Derecho español remedios negociales específicos frente a contratos derivados de prácticas desleales con consumidores

Authors: Ramírez Benavente, María Dolores;

Sobre la necesidad de incorporar al Derecho español remedios negociales específicos frente a contratos derivados de prácticas desleales con consumidores

Abstract

La Ley de Competencia Desleal no contiene remedios negociales específicos para los contratos celebrados por los consumidores a causa de prácticas comerciales desleales. Por tanto, el consumidor-contratante afectado negativamente por dichas prácticas deberá acudir a la normativa contractual del Código Civil; en especial, a la que regula los vicios del consentimiento negocial, cuyos presupuestos de aplicación no se acomodan bien a estos casos. Este problema ha sido detectado por el legislador europeo, que ha tratado de solventarlo a través de la Directiva (UE) 2019/2161 relativa a la mejora de la aplicación y modernización de las normas de protección de los consumidores. Mediante esta norma de armonización, se ha introducido el artículo 11 bis en la Directiva de 2005 sobre prácticas comerciales desleales de las empresas en sus relaciones con los consumidores. Según dicho precepto, se reconocen a los consumidores afectados por prácticas comerciales desleales varias medidas correctoras de carácter negocial tales como la indemnización de daños y perjuicios, la resolución del contrato y la reducción del precio pagado. Sin embargo, hasta este momento la solución prevista por el legislador europeo no se ha incorporado al ordenamiento jurídico español. Razón por la cual este trabajo aboga por la necesidad de regular esta materia en nuestro Derecho. Para la consecución de este propósito, se parte de un análisis de las prácticas desleales contra los consumidores reguladas por la Ley de Competencia Desleal. Seguidamente, se analizan las novedades legislativas que en este extremo han tenido lugar en la Unión Europea, de la mano especialmente de la antecitada Directiva (UE) 2019/2161. A continuación, se estudian las conexiones entre el Derecho de la competencia desleal y el Derecho de contratos y se insiste en la necesidad de incorporar al ordenamiento español medidas correctoras individuales para proteger a los consumidores perjudicados por contratos derivados de prácticas desleales.

The Unfair Competition Law does not contain any specific contractual remedies for contracts entered into by consumers as a result of unfair commercial practices. Therefore, the consumer-contracting negatively affected by such practices must resort to the contractual rules of the Civil Code; in particular, to the one that regulates the defects of business consent, whose application requirements are not well suited to these cases. This problem has been detected by the European legislator, who has tried to solve it through Directive (EU) 2019/2161 on the improvement of the application and modernization of consumer protection rules. By means of this Directive, the Article 11 bis has been introduced into the 2005 Directive concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices. According to this Article 11 bis, the consumers affected by unfair commercial practices are entitled to a number of contractual remedies such as damages, termination of the contract and reduction of the price paid. However, up to now, the solution envisaged by the European legislator has not been incorporated into the Spanish legal system. For this reason, this paper argues for the need to regulate this matter in our law. In order to achieve this purpose, we start with an analysis of the unfair practices against consumers regulated by the Unfair Competition Law. It then analyzes the legislative developments that have taken place in this area in the European Union, especially as a result of the aforementioned Directive (EU) 2019/216. It then examines the connections between unfair competition law and contract law and stresses the need to incorporate individual remedies into Spanish law to protect consumers harmed by unfair contract practices.

Embargado hasta 01/01/2100

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Directiva 2005/29/CE, Directive (EU) 2019/2161, Remedios negociales, Directive 2005/29/EC, Acción de remoción, Consumers and users, Prácticas engañosas y agresivas, Removal action, Consumidores y usuarios, Misleading and aggressive practices, Contractual remedies, Directiva (UE) 2019/2161

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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