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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Doctoral thesis . 2025
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Arquitectura doméstica en la Córdoba romana. Entre la estratigrafía y el museo

Authors: Muñiz García, Alejandro;

Arquitectura doméstica en la Córdoba romana. Entre la estratigrafía y el museo

Abstract

A pesar de los numerosos estudios realizados en la ciudad de Córdoba de época romana, ha faltado un trabajo exclusivo sobre edilicia doméstica que se combinara con todos los previamente realizados sobre urbanismo o edificios públicos. De esta forma, este trabajo de investigación se posiciona no como consumación sobre el conocimiento histórico de nuestra ciudad en esta etapa histórica, sino que debe afrontarse como un paso más en el análisis arqueológico sobre Colonia Patricia Corduba. Debemos tener en cuenta que en el mundo romano la edilicia privada no actúa simplemente como el análisis exclusivo de los edificios que conocemos como casas, en lo que a ente arquitectónico se refiere; sino que la domus romana se nos presenta como un centro neurálgico que abarca todos los aspectos de la familia, tanto privados (descanso, comida, actos conyugales, etc.) como los públicos (relaciones económicas, recibimiento, reuniones sociales, etc.). Es en la vivienda donde el dominus, y por extensión su familia, materializará el status que ésta tiene a través del marco que le proporciona la arquitectura y programas decorativos, actuando así como transmisor del poder de la familia, sus gustos y su historia. Este edificio que podemos definir en la actualidad como “domicilio”, en época romana engloba a todos los sectores de la sociedad: ricos y pobres, libres y esclavos, patrones y clientes, padres e hijos; así como los diferentes elementos que materializan la cultura de una sociedad: vida y muerte, familia y amigos, arquitectura y decoración, ocio y negocio, dioses y hombres. De esta manera, nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar la arquitectura doméstica romana de ámbito urbano de Córdoba tanto intra como extramuros, que a su vez nos aportaría una rica información tanto de carácter histórico, arqueológico como social sobre la población cordubense de época romana Para ello hemos empleado una metodología basada en un análisis holístico que comprende a la vivienda en el conjunto de los elementos que la conforman, tanto desde sus técnicas de construcción, estancias y programas decorativos, para acabar realizando unas conclusiones históricas con un marcado carácter social. En este sentido, se ha visto conveniente la división cronológica de esta tesis doctoral en tres fases fundamentales estrechamente vinculadas con el desarrollo histórico de la propia ciudad. La primera fase comprende los momentos fundacionales de la ciudad romana, en época republicana, que abarca unas cronologías que van mediados del siglo II a. C., hasta finales del siglo I a. C., en época augustea, coincidiendo con el cambio político en la forma de gobierno de Roma y el cambio de era. En esta primera fase se han analizado un total de veinte viviendas que se convierten de ese modo en las más antiguas de la Córdoba romana. La segunda fase cronológica comienza en época augustea, a finales del siglo I a. C., hasta mediados del siglo II d. C. Es en estos momentos cuando en la ciudad acontece una expansión de carácter urbanístico, agrandando considerablemente su tamaño intramuros, hecho que se refleja directamente en el aumento y proliferación de arquitectura residencial, con hasta sesenta y ocho viviendas documentadas. La tercera y última fase comprende desde mediados del siglo II d. C. hasta el siglo V d. C. En estas fechas la ciudad sufre transformaciones de carácter urbanístico, que, de nuevo, influyen en gran medida en la edilicia privada. De esta forma, observamos la construcción de nuevas residencias, con diecisiete ejemplos constatados, que aumentan el número total a noventa y una viviendas estudiadas. Esto ha dado como resultado el conocimiento fundamental de las tipologías y modelos de la arquitectura residencial cordubense, entre las que encontramos casas de atrio, de peristilo y de patio, así como su propia evolución en las diferentes fases cronológicas. Finalmente, hemos conseguido avanzar en el conocimiento del urbanismo de la ciudad, ya que, la inserción de todas las evidencias de arquitectura doméstica en una herramienta basada en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) nos ha permitido reconstruir el urbanismo de la ciudad y realizar unos nuevos planteamientos sobre el trazado viario y de la muralla.

Despite the numerous studies conducted on the city of Cordoba during the Roman period, there has been a lack of a comprehensive study focused exclusively on domestic architecture, integrating previous research on urban planning and public buildings. Thus, this research does not represent the culmination of historical knowledge about the city during this period but should be considered a further step in the archaeological analysis of Colonia Patricia Corduba. It is important to recognize that private architecture in the Roman world was not limited to the study of buildings identified as houses in architectural terms. Rather, the domus functioned as a central space that encompassed all aspects of family life, both private (rest, meals, conjugal life, etc.) and public (economic transactions, receptions, social gatherings, etc.). Within the dwelling, the dominus—and by extension, his household—materialized their social status through architecture and decorative programs, which served as a medium for displaying the family's power, tastes, and history. This space, which we may define today as a "home," in antiquity encompassed all layers of society: the wealthy and the poor, the free and the enslaved, patrons and clients, parents and children. Furthermore, it reflected the cultural fabric of society, integrating themes such as life and death, family and social relationships, architecture and decoration, leisure and business, and the interaction between the divine and the human. The objective of this study has been to analyze the domestic architecture of Roman Corduba, both within and beyond the city walls, to obtain valuable historical, archaeological, and social insights into the urban population during the Roman period. To achieve this, a holistic methodological approach has been employed, considering the dwelling in relation to all its constituent elements, including construction techniques, spatial organization, and decorative programs, to derive historically and socially relevant conclusions. Accordingly, this doctoral thesis is structured into three key chronological phases, each closely linked to the historical development of the city itself. The first phase covers the foundational period of the Roman city during the Republic, from the mid-2nd century BC to the end of the 1st century BC, coinciding with the Augustan period and the transition in Rome’s political structure. In this phase, a total of twenty domestic structures, the earliest known in Roman Corduba, have been analyzed. The second phase spans from the Augustan period, at the end of the 1st century BC, to the mid-2nd century AC. This period witnessed significant urban expansion, with a marked increase in the number of residential buildings within the city walls, as reflected in the documentation of sixty-eight dwellings. The third and final phase, from the mid-2nd century AC to the 5th century AC, corresponds to a period of urban transformation that once again influenced private architecture. During this phase, the construction of new residences is observed, with seventeen additional examples recorded, bringing the total number of studied dwellings to eighty-five. As a result of this research, a comprehensive understanding of the typologies and models of Corduba’s residential architecture has been achieved, including atrium, peristyle, and courtyard houses, as well as their chronological evolution. Finally, this study has contributed to a more refined understanding of the city's urban planning. The integration of all domestic architectural evidence into a Geographic Information System (GIS) has enabled the reconstruction of the city’s layout and provided new insights into the organization of streets and fortifications.

Embargado hasta 26/09/2027.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Arquitectura doméstica, Sociedad, Córdoba, Urban planning, Domestic architecture, Society, Corduba, Urbanismo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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