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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2022
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2022
License: CC BY NC ND
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Impacto de un programa de optimización de antimicrobianos en la incidencia de bacilos gramnegativos resistentes a carbapenémicos: estudio de series temporales interrumpidas

Authors: López-Viñau López, Teresa;

Impacto de un programa de optimización de antimicrobianos en la incidencia de bacilos gramnegativos resistentes a carbapenémicos: estudio de series temporales interrumpidas

Abstract

Introducción: Los bacilos gramnegativos resistentes a carbapenémicos (CR-GNB) son una amenaza critica para la salud pública a nivel mundial, y el uso excesivo e inadecuado de carbapenémicos contribuye a su propagación. Los programas de optimización de antimicrobianos (PROA) han demostrado ser elementos clave en la reducción del uso de antimicrobianos. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre el impacto ecológico de estos programas sigue siendo incierta, por lo que se precisa un mayor número de estudios bien diseñados que evalúen esta compleja relación. El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es determinar si un PROA multidisciplinar de base educativa y restrictiva puede ser eficaz y seguro en optimizar el uso de carbapenémicos y contribuir a reducir la incidencia de CR-GNB. Material y Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio cuasi-experimental para evaluar el impacto de un PROA dirigido a pacientes adultos hospitalizados tratados con carbapenémicos (meropenem o imipenem) en un hospital de tercer nivel. El estudio comprende un periodo pre-intervención de 13 meses, entre 2013 y 2014, y otro de intervención de 25 meses, entre 2014 y 2016. La actividad principal del PROA consistió en una entrevista de validación de la prescripción, realizada entre los médicos prescriptores y los asesores del equipo PROA para reforzar la indicación adecuada de carbapenémicos. La prescripción debía ajustarse a las indicaciones aprobadas institucionalmente y recogidas en un formulario estandarizado. Se evaluaron con una frecuencia mensual las siguientes variables de estudio: el consumo de carbapenémicos, medido como dosis diaria definida por 1000 estancias/día; la densidad de incidencia (DI) de CR-GNB, medida como numero de aislamientos resistentes/1000 estancias; la tasa cruda de mortalidad a los 14 días de eventos centinela (bacteriemia y neumonía por Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido), y otras variables potencialmente relacionadas con el desarrollo de CR-GNB. Para evaluar el efecto de la intervención se realizó un análisis de series temporales interrumpidas del consumo de antibióticos, de la DI de resistencias y de la mortalidad cruda. Resultados: Durante el periodo de intervención se realizaron 1359 entrevistas educativas entre los prescriptores y los asesores. Tras el inicio del programa se produjo una intensa reducción del consumo de carbapenémicos (-60.32 DDD/1000 estancias), que se mantuvo dos años después (-83,51%). La DI del global de CR-GNB también alcanzo una reducción significativa (-80,46% a los dos años del comienzo de la intervención). Este efecto fue especialmente marcado en CR-Klebsiella pneumoniae y CR-Escherichia coli, de manera que la tendencia creciente que existía previamente al comienzo de la intervención se invirtió hacia una marcada reducción de la DI (-91,15% y -89,93%, respectivamente) dos años después del comienzo del programa. La tasa de mortalidad por eventos centinela no cambio durante el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de esta Tesis Doctoral muestran que la implementación de un programa de base educativa y restrictiva dirigido a carbapenémicos puede contribuir a disminuir la incidencia de CR-GNB, en particular de Enterobacterales, mediante una reducción sostenida del uso de antimicrobianos sin aumentar la tasa de mortalidad.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) are a critical public health threat, and carbapenem use contributes to their spread. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have proven successful in reducing antimicrobial use. However, evidence on the impact of carbapenem resistance remains unclear. We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of a bundle of educational and restrictive measures to optimise carbapenem use and its impact on CR-GNB. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with an interrupted time-series analysis was designed and conducted in a tertiary-care hospital one year before and two years after the implementation of an ASP aimed at hospitalised adult patients treated with carbapenems (meropenem or imipenem). The core activity of the ASP consisted of a prescription validation interview held between the prescribers and an infectious disease specialist from the ASP team to reinforce the appropriate antibiotic indication. A standardised prescription form for carbapenem was also developed. We assessed carbapenem consumption, incidence of CR-GNB, crude death rate of sentinel events (bacteremia and pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales) per 1000 occupied bed days (OBDs) and other variables potentially related to CR-GNB incidence. Results: Throughout the intervention period, 1359 educational interviews were conducted between the prescribers and the consultants. An intense reduction in carbapenem consumption occurred after starting the intervention (-60.32 DDD/1000 OBDs) and was sustained two years later (−83.51%). The incidence density of CR-GNB also achieved a significant reduction (-80.46% two years after starting the intervention). This effect was especially marked in CR-Klebsiella pneumoniae and CREscherichia coli, reversing the pre-intervention upward trend and leading to an intense reduction of the incidence density (−91.15% and −89.93%), respectively, two years after starting the program. Death rates did not change. Conclusions: The implementation of an educational and restrictive ASP contributed to decreasing CR-GNB incidence, in particular Enterobacterales, through a sustained reduction in antibiotic use without increasing mortality rates.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Enterobacterales, Salud pública, Bacilos gramnegativos resistentes a carbapenémicos, Programas de optimización de antimicrobianos, Resistencia antimicrobiana, Antimicrobianos, Carbapenémicos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green