Visual handicaps in children are often difficult to diagnose in early age and several etiological possibilities have to be ruled out. Cerebral visual impairments are of greater importance than most epidemiological studies indicate. Children with low birth weight are at special risk for visual disturbancies. Children with developmental dysfunctions and retardation and with neurohandicaps may have combined anterior ocular pathology and cerebral visual impairment. Health professionals responsible for the investigation of children with learning disabilities and visuomotor problems, must have a good understanding of visual development and processing.