The paper presents the results of studies of the role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of infertility, impaired gestation, and perinatal abnormalities, which have been performed at the Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in the past decade. It gives an evaluation of the contribution of antispermatic antibodies to infertility of unclear genesis, the systemic and local factors of immunity in females with endometriosis, the immune and interferon status in those with sexually transmitted infections, the role of immune factors and intrauterine infection in gestational abnormalities, the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in reproductive disturbance. The trends of further studies are outlined.