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Bachelor thesis . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: GREDOS
GREDOS
Bachelor thesis . 2026
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: GREDOS
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Estudio descriptivo y análisis de los traumatismos abdominales en pacientes politraumatizados en la UCI del CAU de Salamanca

Descriptive study and analysis of abdominal trauma in polytrauma patients in the ICU of the University Healthcare Complex (CAU), Salamanca
Authors: Calderón Diego, Juan Carlos;

Estudio descriptivo y análisis de los traumatismos abdominales en pacientes politraumatizados en la UCI del CAU de Salamanca

Abstract

[EN]Introducción: El trauma abdominal representa una importante causa de ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y se asocia a una elevada morbimortalidad, concretamente en el contexto del politraumatismo. Identificar factores pronósticos y valorar la gravedad de las lesiones son fundamentales para optimizar el manejo de los pacientes. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes con trauma abdominal ingresados en la UCI del Complejo Asistencial Universitario (CAU) de Salamanca y analizar la relación entre las necesidades terapéuticas, la gravedad de las lesiones y la evolución clínica de los pacientes, así como entre los pacientes fallecidos y los dados de alta. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática y un análisis estadístico de 187 pacientes con trauma abdominal ingresados en la UCI del CAU de Salamanca entre 2015 y 2025. Se analizan variables demográficas, mecanismo lesional, escalas de gravedad, estancia media en UCI, necesidades transfusionales y quirúrgicas, complicaciones y evolución de los pacientes. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes es de 48 años, siendo más frecuente el sexo masculino. La mortalidad global es del 7´49% con una edad media en los pacientes fallecidos de 62 años. Predominan los accidentes de tráfico como mecanismo lesional. La gravedad media de las lesiones es de 26´61 según Injury Severity Score (Índice de severidad de lesión, ISS) y 30´33 según New Injury Severity Score (Nueva Escala de Severidad de Lesiones, NISS), aumentando en los pacientes fallecidos (29´29 y 35´57, respectivamente). Las lesiones torácicas son las lesiones asociadas más frecuentes y la mayoría de pacientes no requirió arteriografía. La operación quirúrgica más frecuente es la cirugía abdominal y el soporte transfusional a destacar es la administración de concentrados de hematíes. La complicación más presente en los pacientes es la coagulopatía. Conclusiones: El trauma abdominal en pacientes críticos afecta a varones de mediana edad y se asocia a mecanismos de alta energía como los accidentes de tráfico. La mayor gravedad lesional, reflejada a través de valores elevados de ISS y NISS, está relacionada con mayor mortalidad. La necesidad de intervención quirúrgica y de transfusiones sanguíneas es frecuente, actuando como indicadores de gravedad. La coagulopatía es la complicación más habitual. Todo ello destaca la importancia de una valoración precoz, y un manejo intensivo y multidisciplinar para mejorar el pronóstico. Los pacientes que fallecen son la mayoría hombres, con una edad media más alta y un menor número medio de días de ingreso en la unidad. La arteriografía es una técnica infrautilizada en nuestro medio. Es necesario que se continúen realizando protocolos estandarizados de actuación para mejorar la atención de los pacientes y su evolución.

[EN]Introduction: Abdominal trauma is a major cause of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in the context of polytrauma. Identifying prognostic factors and assessing injury severity are essential for optimizing patient management. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with abdominal trauma admitted to the ICU of the University Healthcare Complex (CAU) in Salamanca and to analyze the relationship between therapeutic requirements, injury severity, and outcomes, as well as differences between deceased and discharged patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and statistical analysis were conducted on 187 patients with abdominal trauma admitted to the ICU at the University Healthcare Complex in Salamanca between 2015 and 2025. Demographic variables, mechanism of injury, severity scores, ICU length of stay, transfusion and surgical requirements, complications, and patient outcomes were analysed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48 years, with a predominance of males. The overall mortality rate was 7.49%, with a mean age of 62 years among deceased patients. Road traffic accidents were the predominant mechanism of injury. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 26.61 and the mean New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was 30.33, with higher values observed in deceased patients (29.29 and 35.57, respectively). Chest injuries were the most frequent associated injuries, and most patients did not require arteriography. The most common surgical procedure was abdominal surgery, and the main transfusion support required was the administration of packed red blood cells. The most frequent complication among patients was coagulopathy. Conclusions: Abdominal trauma in critically ill patients primarily affects middle-aged men and is associated with high-energy mechanisms such as road traffic accidents. Greater injury severity, reflected in high ISS and NISS scores, is associated with higher mortality. The need for surgical intervention and blood transfusions is common and serves as an indicator of severity. Coagulopathy is the most common complication. These findings highlight the importance of early assessment and intensive, multidisciplinary management to improve prognosis. Deceased patients were predominantly men, with a higher mean age and a shorter mean length of stay in the unit. Arteriography is an underutilized technique in our setting. Continued implementation of standardized protocols is necessary to improve patient care and outcomes.

Trabajo de fin de grado. Grado en Medicina. Curso académico 2025-2026

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Traumatismo abdominal, traumatismos abdominales, Multiple Trauma, Intensive Care, Politraumatismo, Multiple trauma, Abdominal Injuries, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Cuidados intensivos, Intensive Care Units, Treatment Outcome, Coagulopatía, traumatismo múltiple, Evolución clínica, cuidados intensivos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average