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Article . 2021
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Actualizaci?n en el tratamiento del hipoparatiroidismo posquir?rgico

Update on management of postoperative hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Ventosa, Marta; Cu?llar Olmedo, Luis; Crespo Soto, Mar?a Cristina; Palacio Mures, Jos? Mar?a; Garc?a Duque, Mar??ia; L?zaro Mart?n, Luc?a; Ventosa-vi?a, Marta; +5 Authors

Actualizaci?n en el tratamiento del hipoparatiroidismo posquir?rgico

Abstract

Introducci?n y objetivo: El hipoparatiroidismo posquir?rgico es una complicaci?n frecuente de la cirug?a tiroidea y paratiroidea, con consecuencias significativas sobre la salud y calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta revisi?n es proporcionar una visi?n actualizada de su prevenci?n, detecci?n precoz y tratamiento./nS?ntesis: Tras la tiroidectom?a y paratiroidectom?a puede aparecer hipoparatiroidismo de forma aguda, especialmente en algunos pacientes de alto riesgo. La determinaci?n de la hormona paratiroidea intacta (PTHi) en el postoperatorio temprano es una herramienta ?til en el manejo del paciente. Un nivel de PTHi postoperatoria <10-15 pg/ml, combinado con los niveles de calcemia 24 horas despu?s de la cirug?a, ofrece el mejor valor predictivo para hipocalcemia aguda. El hipoparatiroidismo permanente se asocia con morbilidad y deterioro de calidad de vida a largo plazo y deber?a prevenirse cuando sea posible. El tratamiento convencional incluye calcio oral y metabolitos activos de vitamina D. En caso de hipocalcemia severa o sintom?tica se precisa calcio intravenoso. El tratamiento debe monitorizarse e incluir educaci?n sanitaria del paciente, para evitar amplias desviaciones de la calcemia. Sin embargo, con la terapia convencional mantener un adecuado control puede representar un desaf?o. La terapia sustitutiva con hormona paratiroidea recombinante (rhPTH) puede reducir las dosis de calcio y calcitriol necesarias, manteniendo la calcemia y fosfatemia dentro de los rangos recomendados. Tambi?n parece mejorar el metabolismo ?seo y la calidad de vida a largo plazo. Se precisa m?s informaci?n en cuanto a eficacia y seguridad con esta terapia.

Introduction and objective: Surgical hypoparathyroidism is a common complication following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. It has significant consequences for health and quality of life. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of its prevention, early detection and treatment./nSynthesis: Acute hypoparathyroidism can occur after thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, especially in high risk patients. Measurement of early postoperative intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) can help guide patient management. A postoperative PTHi < 10-15 pg/ml combined with serum calcium assay testing 24 hours after surgery yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy for predicting acute hypocalcemia. Permanent hypoparathyroidism is associated with long-term morbidity and poor quality of life, and should be prevented whenever possible. Conventional treatment consist of oral calcium and active vitamin D analogs. For more severe or symptomatic hypocalcemia it is necessary intravenous calcium. Treatment require monitoring and patient education to avoid wide swings in serum calcium. However, with standard therapy, maintaining an adequate control often presents a therapeutic challenge. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) replacement can lower the doses of calcium and active vitamin D analogs required, while maintaining serum calcium and phosphate levels within the recommended therapeutic ranges. It may improve bone metabolism and quality of life on the long term. Additional data on safety and efficacy are needed.

/nConclusiones: El hipoparatiroidismo posquir?rgico es frecuente. Requiere un diagn?stico temprano, intervenci?n farmacol?gica y educaci?n del paciente para alcanzar un control ?ptimo y disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones a largo plazo. La rhPTH parece una opci?n prometedora para aquellos pacientes que no mantienen la calcemia dentro del objetivo.

/nConclusions: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is common. It requires early diagnosis, pharmacologic intervention and patient education to achieve optimal control and lower the risk of long-term complications. rhPTH seems to be an effective option for those patients who do not stably mantein their calcium in the target range.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

hipoparatiroidismo posquir?rgico, hipoparatiroidismo, thyroidectomy, hormona paratiroidea, hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, postoperative hypoparathyroidism, hipocalcemia, hypocalcemia, tiroidectom?a

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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