
handle: 10366/153385
[EN]The ichthyoses are a large, heterogeneous group of skin cornification disorders. They can be inherited or acquired, and result in defective keratinocyte differentiation and abnormal epidermal barrier formation. The resultant skin barrier dysfunction leads to increased transepidermal water loss and inflammation. Disordered cornification is clinically characterized by skin scaling with various degrees of thickening, desquamation (peeling) and erythema (redness). Regardless of the type of ichthyosis, many patients suffer from itching, recurrent infections, sweating impairment (hypohidrosis) with heat intolerance, and diverse ocular, hearing and nutritional complications that should be monitored periodically. The characteristic clinical features are considered to be a homeostatic attempt to repair the skin barrier, but heterogeneous clinical presentation and imperfect phenotype?genotype correlation hinder diagnosis. An accurate molecular diagnosis is, however, crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counselling. Most ichthyoses severely affect patient quality of life and, in severe forms, may cause considerable disability and even death. So far, treatment provides only symptomatic relief. It is lifelong, expensive, time-consuming, and often provides disappointing results. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie these conditions is essential for designing pathogenesis-driven and patient-tailored innovative therapeutic solutions. [ES]Las ictiosis son un grupo heterog?neo de des?rdenes de la cornificaci?n. Pueden ser hereditarios o adquiridos y resultan en una diferenciaci?n defectuosa de los queratinocitos y una formaci?n anormal de la barrera epid?rmica. Esta disfunci?n de la barrera cut?nea incrementa la perdida de agua transepid?rmica y la inflamaci?n. La cornificaci?n desorganizada se caracteriza cl?nicamente por piel escamosa con diferentes grados de hiperqueratosis (engrosamiento cut?neo), descamaci?n y eritema (rojez) Independientemente del tipo de ictiosis, muchos pacientes presentan prurito (picor), infecciones recurrentes, hipohidrosis (defectos en la sudoraci?n) con intolerancia al calor y diversas complicaciones oculares, auditivas y nutricionales que deben ser controladas peri?dicamente. Se considera que las caracter?sticas cl?nicas comunes a estas enfermedades son un intento homeost?tico de reparar la barrera cut?nea, pero la heterogeneidad en la presentaci?n cl?nica y la baja correlaci?n fenotipo-genotipo dificulta el diagn?stico. Un diagn?stico molecular es por ello, crucial para predecir el pron?stico y realizar un consejo gen?tico apropiado. La mayor?a de las ictiosis afectan gravemente a la calidad de vida del paciente y las formas m?s graves pueden causar discapacidad o incluso muerte. Hasta ahora, el tratamiento s?lo proporciona alivio sintom?tico y es cr?nico, caro, laborioso y no proporciona resultados en todos los pacientes. Un mejor conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a estas enfermedades es esencial para dise?ar estrategias terap?uticas innovadoras.
dermatolog?a, 3201.06 Dermatolog?a, Revisi?n, ictiosis, Ichthyosis, Dermatology, Ictiosis
dermatolog?a, 3201.06 Dermatolog?a, Revisi?n, ictiosis, Ichthyosis, Dermatology, Ictiosis
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