The ethnographer Grigorii Potanin (1835--1920) seems to be the first scholar who systematically collected Mongolian folklore, although only paraphrases in Russian, and he published this collection in 1881--83 and 1893. The Buriat teacher Matvei Khangalov (1858--1918) detected the epic tradition of his own people in 1890--1903 and Boris Vladimirtsov that of the West Mongolian Oirats in 1908 (publ. 1923, 1926). Tsyben Zhamtsarano's and Andrei Rudnev's lithographed edition of Khalkha texts (without translations) was published that same year. ; Issue title; "Epics Along the Silk Roads."